Un Meteotsunami Icho chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze chine nhevedzano yemafungu egungwa anokuvadza ane zvikero zvenguva uye zvepasi setsunami yakajairika, asi ine misiyano yakati wandei. Kunyange zvazvo tsunami dzakajairika dziri seismic mumavambo, meteorological tsunami haisi, kureva kuti, haikonzerwi nekudengenyeka kwepasi pemvura, kudonha kwegungwa, kana pesvedzero yemameteorite mugungwa.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti chii chinonzi meteotsunami, maitiro ayo uye migumisiro yayo.
Chii chinonzi meteotsunami
Meteotsunami inokonzerwa nekukurumidza kuchinja kwemhepo yemhepo, yakadai semhepo inotonhora kubva kune mabhanan'ana makuru kana mitsetse ye squall, iyo. zvinosanganiswa nekumhanya, kuwanda uye kusimba kwemasaisai.
Kusanganiswa kwezviitiko izvi kunoburitsa masaisai akanyura paanosvika pasi, asi kuitika kwaro kumahombekombe kunoenderana nehunhu hwesherufu yekondinendi. Shallow bay kudzika kana kureba nhete zviteshi zvinopa yakanyanya kukwidziridzwa resonance uye saka zvinonyanya kukanganiswa.
Musiyano uripo pakati pemeteorological tsunami uye kuputika kwemhepo ndeyekuti zvakaoma kufanotaura. Izvi zvinogona kunyangarika kuburitsa masaisai ari pakati nepakati kana mafashamo enzvimbo dzemahombekombe dzine mvura zhinji.
MuSpain Mediterranean Islands, meteotsunami inonzi rissaga. Munyika yeSpain ma rissagues, marubbio muSicily, abiki muJapan uye seebär muBaltic.
Iyo yakasimba kwazvo yakanyorwa meteotsunami
Iyo meteotsunami yakasimba kwazvo kusvika parizvino yakaitika muCroatia musi waChikumi 21, 1978. Rova pamhenderekedzo yeVela Luka pachitsuwa cheKorčula nemafungu makumi matanhatu emamita. Masaisai akauya ndokuenda kwemaawa akawanda, achitanga na5:30 mangwanani. Yakapinda muchiteshi chengarava ndokupinda muguta anenge mamita 650 kubva kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, ichiparadza chinhu chiri chose chaiva munzira yayo. Zvisinei, chiitiko chacho hachisi chenzvimbo chete, asi chinokanganisa nzvimbo huru kumaodzanyemba-pakati peAdriatic, pakati peCroatia neMontenegro, uye pakati peGiulianova neBari muItaly.
Muna 2008, meteotsunami inosvika mamita 36 kuenda mudenga yakarova chiteshi chengarava cheBoothbay, Maine, USA. Muna 1929, Nagasaki Bay yakakuvadzwa neabiki, uye muna 1979 mafungu anosvika 1984 metres akaitika muBalearic Islands. Mamwe meteotsunami vakaonekwa vari pamhenderekedzo yeChicago muna 1954, muPune muna 2009, uye muChesapeake Bay pamhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweUnited States muna 2012.
Rissagas muEurope
Sezvinotarisirwa, chiitiko ichi chinoshamisa zvikuru, uye kuedza kuri kuitwa kutsvaga chikonzero chemabviro acho. Chiitiko ichi chave chichizivikanwa kwenguva refu, kunyanya muCiutadella. Pane zvimwe zvinotaurwa nezvekuputsika kwengarava pachiteshi cheCiutadella muzana ramakore rechigumi neshanu. Aya ese masaisai ane makuriro anoshamisa uye anoitika munguva pfupi.
Chinhu chakajairika ndechekuti ukuru hwemafungu emuchadenga uchifunga nezveGungwa reMediteranian kazhinji kutenderedza masendimita makumi maviri mumaawa mashoma. Ichi chinhu chinenge chisingaonekwe nemeso. Zvakadaro, iyo rissagas yakagadzira amplitudes anopfuura 2 metres pakureba mumaminetsi gumi chete.
Kwakabva ma rissagas kwakanga kusingazivikanwi kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura, apo zvakawanda zvaizivikanwa nezvemamiriro ekunze uye basa remafungu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mavambo erissagas anogona kunge ari emuchadenga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ine mhando yekushanda yakafanana neiyo yemafungu. Inofungidzirwawo kuti inogona kunge iine seismic mavambo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwemasaisai akasiyana-siyana anogadzirwa nekudengenyeka kwepasi pemvura, ayo anowedzerwa kana asvika pachiteshi. Zvisinei, fungidziro idzi dzose dzakakwana kutsanangura chiitiko chacho. Zvirinani tsananguro ndeyokuti chiitiko ichi chaiwanzoitika mubindu iri kwete mune mamwe minda yemichero.
Chikonzero chaicho hachina kuzivikanwa kusvika 1934. mushure mezvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvekuchinja kusingajairiki kwemwero wegungwa. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti chikonzero cherissagas imhepo. Kamwe kamwe kushanduka kukuru kwemugungwa kunobatanidzwa nekumwe kushanduka-shanduka kwemhepo yemhepo. Tora Ciutadella muBalearic Islands, inova mhedzisiro yekudyidzana kwemhepo negungwa. Vamwe vanyori vanotenda kuti rissaga idzidziso inobva pamigumisiro yemafungu emagetsi anogadzirwa pakati petroposphere. Aya masaisai egiravhiti anoitika nekuti kugera kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nekutenderera kwemhepo yemuchadenga padanho repamusoro.
Atmospheric mamiriro e meteotsunami
Kune akasiyana mamiriro emuchadenga ayo anonyanya kukurudzira meteotsunami. Iwo matatu makuru mamiriro emuchadenga anofarira chiitiko ichi ndeaya anotevera:
- Panofanira kuva nemhepo dzakasimba dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero pakati nepamusoro petroposphere. Mhepo idzi dzinofanirwa kuvhuvhuta dzisati dzakanganisa mipata yakadzika yeIberian Peninsula.
- Pamazinga emvura ari pasi pe1500 metres, panofanira kuva nehupamhi hwepamusoro-soro hwemhepo hunoita kuti inversion yakasimba yekushisa pakati pemvura uye mhepo pamusoro pegungwa. Mhepo yemudenga ichatonhorera kupfuura iyi.
- Pamusoro panofanira kuva nemhepo isina simba kusvika pakati nepakati yekumabvazuva.
Mamiriro ekupedzisira, kana achangobva kusimbiswa, hazvidi zvachose kuti rissagas iitike. Rissagas kubva kumaodzanyemba kana kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero mhepo dzimwe nguva inogona kuonekwa pamusoro. Nyanzvi muMeteorology yeMediterranean dzakagumisa kuti mamiriro akanaka emuchadenga erissagas anoitika muhafu yekudziya yegore. Nokudaro, kuwanda kwepamusoro kwechiitiko ichi kunoitika pakati paApril naOctober.
Nguva dzakabatana
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakufanotaura uye kutariswa kwerissagas mamiriro ekunze anoratidza mamiriro aya. Pamazuva apo rissagas inoitika, denga rinowanzofukidzwa nematanda marefu, akajeka marefu emakore. Senguva dzose, Pazasi hapawanzosviba makore, asi denga rinoonekwa sekusviba uye kuyero nekuda kwemhute. Chiutsi chinobuda kubva muhuruva inopeperetswa kubva muAfrica. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, makore mashoma akapararira haaratidzi kufamba kwakatwasuka kwakakosha.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve meteotsunami uye maitiro ayo.