Kazhinji, kune anenge makumi maviri emakomo anoputika anoputika pane chero zuva rakapihwa chero nguva kutenderera pasirese. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sarudzo itsva hadzisi zviitiko zvinoshamisa sezvatingaite kwatiri. Sezvakaita madutu, kupfuura 20 mheni inorova pakupera kwezuva. The makomo anoputika makuru pasi rose Ndivo avo vane kuputika nekukura kukuru.
Muchinyorwa chino tichatarisana nekukuudza kuti ndeapi maitiro emakomo akakura kwazvo munyika.
Makomo anoputika zvikuru pasi rose
Maererano neSmithsonian Global Volcanology Chirongwa, kune makomo anoputika anosvika 1356 pasi rose, zvinoreva kuti makomo anoputika ari kuputika panguva ino, anoratidza zviratidzo zvekuita (zvakadai sokudengenyeka kwepasi kana kubudisa gasi guru) kana kuti akawana kuputika kwemakomo, ndiko kuti, mumakore 10.000 XNUMX apfuura.
Kune marudzi ese emakomo anoputika, akawanda kana mashoma anoputika, ane simba rekuparadza rinoenderana nezvakawanda. Pane makomo anoputika pasi, kune akati wandei magomba, emvura, uye geological kuumbwa kwakasiyana kwazvo, asi nderipi gomo guru munyika?
Nevados Ojos del Salado Volcano
Iri pamuganhu weChile neArgentina, Nevados Ojos del Salado ndiro gomo repamusoro-soro pasi rose, asi rinokwira chete 2.000 metres pamusoro penzvimbo yaro. Inokwira kusvika pamamita 6.879 pamwe chete neAndes.
Chiitiko chayo chekupedzisira kurekodhwa chaive muna Mbudzi 14, 1993, apo imwe grey column yemhute yemvura uye solphataric gasi yakaonekwa kwemaawa matatu. Musi wa16 Mbudzi, vacherechedzi veLivestock Agricultural Service neveMaricunga Regional Police Station, makiromita makumi matatu kubva pagomo rinoputika, vakaona mbiru dzakafanana asi dzisina kunyanya kusimba.
Mauna Loa Volcano
Musoro wenhovo yegomo rinoputika Mauna Loa yakaderera nemamita 2.700 pane Ojos del Salado muNevada., asi yakakwirira zvakapetwa ka10 kupfuura Andes nokuti inokwira anenge makiromita mapfumbamwe pamusoro pegungwa. Nenzira iyi, rinoonekwa nevakawanda segomo rinoputika rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose. Musoro wayo unochekwa neMokuaweo crater, yekare uye yakakura 9 x 6 km crater.
Harisi gomo rinoputika chete rinoonekwa sehombe asiwo yakakwirira. Kunyange zvazvo kuine mamwe makomo anoputika ari eiyi network imwe cheteyo yemakomo anoputika aripo kunharaunda yeHawaiian Islands, iri nderimwe reakakura. Pamusoro pegungwa rine urefu hunosvika 4170 metres. Aya mazinga pamwe chete nepamusoro uye nehupamhi anoita huwandu hwehuwandu hunosvika 80.000 cubic kilometers. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ndiro gomo guru rinoputika pasi pano maererano nehupamhi uye huwandu.
Iyo ine mukurumbira nekuve shield-mhando inoputika ine hunhu hwakasiyana. Iine kuyerera kwakakwira kunoenderera kwave kuchibva mukuputika kwegomo rekare. Iri igomo rinoputika rinoonekwa serimwe rinonyanya kushanda paPasi. Kubva pakuumbwa kwayo, yave iine kuputika kwegomo kunopfuurira, kunyange zvazvo kusina kunyanyosimba. Chaizvoizvo inoumbwa neakareba uye ine hwaro hwechiito ichocho uye kuswedera kwayo muhuwandu hwevanhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inosanganisirwa muProjekti yeMakumi eMakore, izvo zvinoita kuti ive nyaya yekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga. Nekuda kwekuferefeta uku, kune ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro payo.
Etna
Mount Etna, iri muCatania, iguta rechipiri pakukura muSicily, Italy, ndiro gomo rinoputika pakakwirira mukondinendi yeEurope. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 3.357 metres, uye maererano neItaly National Institute of Geophysics uye Volcanology (INGV), kuputika kwakatevedzana mumakore achangopfuura kwakasimudza chireberenga chavo che33 metres munguva pfupi.
Pashure pokumbomira kwemazuva 20, Gomo reEtna rakaputika zvakare neChipiri, September 21. Gomo rinoputika rinoitwa neSmithsonian's Global Volcanology Program, rimwe remakomo anoputika ane mukurumbira wakashata pasi rose, rinozivikanwa nekuitika kwaro kwegomo rinoputika, kuputika kukuru kwakawanda, uye kuwanda kwemabota ayo anowanzo buda.
Pakureba kweanopfuura 3.300 metres, Iri ndiro gomo repamusoro-soro uye rakapamhama pamhepo inoputika mukondinendi yeEurope, gomo repamusoro-soro mugungwa reMediterranean. uye gomo refu-refu muItaly kumaodzanyemba kweAlps. Inotarisana neGungwa reIonia kumabvazuva, Rwizi rweSimito kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba, uye Rwizi rweAlcantara kuchamhembe.
Gomo rinoputika rinofukidza nzvimbo inosvika 1.600 square kilometers, ine dhayamita ingangoita makiromita makumi matatu neshanu kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, denderedzwa remakiromita mazana maviri, uye ivhu rinosvika mazana mashanu emakiromita.
Kubva pamwero wegungwa kusvika pamusoro pegomo, nzvimbo uye kuchinja kwenzvimbo kunoshamisa, pamwe chete nezvishamiso zvaro zvomusikirwo zvakapfuma. Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti nzvimbo ino ive yakasiyana nevafambi, vatori vemifananidzo, vezvezvisikwa, vanoongorora makomo anoputika, rusununguko rwemweya, uye vanoda zvisikwa zvepasi neparadhiso. Eastern Sicily inoratidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, asi kubva pakuona kwe geological, inopawo zvakasiyana-siyana.
Makomo anoputika zvikuru pasi rose: supervolcanos
A supervolcano imhando yegomo rine magma chamber yakakura zvakapetwa kachuru pane gomo rinoputika zvaro saka rinogona kuburitsa kuputika kukuru uye kunoparadza zvakanyanya paNyika.
Kusiyana nemakomo anoputika echinyakare, zviri pachena kuti haasi makomo, asi pasi pevhu magma deposits, nekuora mwoyo kwakakura kwakafanana negomba kunoonekwa pamusoro.
Pave paine makumi mashanu ekuputika kwemakomo munhoroondo yepasi redu, zvichikanganisa nzvimbo huru dzenzvimbo. Ndizvo zvakanga zvakaita Gomo reTuba, iro rakaputika muSumatra makore 74.000 XNUMX apfuura. ichiyerera 2.800 cubic kilometers emafuta. Nekudaro, iyi haisi yekupedzisira, sezvo yakanyanya kuitika muNew Zealand makore 26,000 apfuura.
Zvichida imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa igomo rinoputika reYellowstone, muUnited States, rine gomba rakaumbwa makore 640.000 XNUMX apfuura richikonzera. mbiru dzemadota dzinosvika mamita 30.000 XNUMX kureba dzakafukidza Gulf yeMexico neguruva.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve makomo makuru epasi rose uye maitiro avo.