Chii chinonzi mafashama?

Mvura, munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika, inogamuchirwa, asi kana mvura ichinge yadonha nesimba guru kana kwenguva yakareba, panouya nguva apo ivhu kana migero yemudhorobha yemadhorobha nemaguta yamira kukwanisa kuipinza.

Uye zvechokwadi, sezvo mvura iri mvura uye, nekudaro, chinhu chinofamba nenzira yacho kwese kwachinoenda, kunze kwekunge makore apararira nekukasira, hatizombova neimwe sarudzo kunze kwekutaura nezvemafashama. Asi, Ndezvipi uye zvinokonzerwa nei?

Ndezvipi?

Mafashama iko kugarwa nemvura kwenzvimbo dzinowanzo kuve dzisina izvi. Izvo zviitiko zvechisimba zvave zvichiitika kubvira paine mvura paPasi, ichiumba mahombekombe, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwemapani mumipata yenzizi nenyika dzakaorera.

Chii chinokonzera ivo?

Zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvakasiyana zviitiko, izvo zviri:

• Kutonhora kudonha: Inoitika kana tembiricha yepasi inotonhora kupfuura iya yemakungwa. Musiyano uyu unokonzera ruzha rukuru rwemhepo inopisa uye ine hunyoro kuti ikwire kusvika pakati nepakati pechikamu chemuchadenga, zvichikonzera kunaya kukuru kwemvura uye, semhedzisiro, kunogona kuve nemafashama.
  MuSpain chiitiko chegore negore chinoitika kubva mumatsutso.
• Monsoon: iyo monsoon imwaka yemhepo mhepo inogadzirwa nekushandurwa kwebhandi rekwamhepo. Inokonzerwa nekutonhora kwepasi, iyo inokurumidza kupfuura iya yemvura. Nekudaro, muzhizha tembiricha yepasi pevhu yakakwira kupfuura yegungwa, izvo zvinoita kuti mhepo iri pamusoro penyika isimuke nekukurumidza, ichikonzera dutu. Sezvo mhepo ichivhuvhuta kubva kuanticyclones (yakanyanya kumanikidza nzvimbo) kuenda kune madutu (nzvimbo dzesimba dzakamanikidza) kuyananisa kumanikidza kwese, mhepo yakasimba inogara ichivhuvhuta ichibva mugungwa. Semhedzisiro yeiyi, mvura inonaya nesimba, ichiwedzera mwero wenzizi.
• Madutu: Madutu kana madutu zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze izvo, kunze kwekukwanisa kukonzera kukuvara kwakawanda, ndeimwe yeavo anoita kuti mvura zhinji idonhe. Iwo madutu masisitimu ane kutenderera kwakapoteredzwa anotenderera akakomberedza nzvimbo yakadzvinyirira yepasi apo achidya pamhepo yegungwa, iri patembiricha ingangoita makumi maviri madigiri Celsius.
• Thaw: munzvimbo dzinonaya chando kazhinji uye mukuwedzera ichiita zvakanyanya, nekukasira kuwedzera kwekushisa kunokonzera mafashama munzizi. Inogona zvakare kupihwa kana kudonha kwechando kwave kurema uye kusingajairike, senge izvo zvisingawanzo kuitika munzvimbo dzine yakaoma-kana yakaoma mamiriro ekunze.
• Mafungu emvura kana tsunami: izvi zviitiko ndizvo zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera mafashama. Masaisai mahombe anokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika anogona kushambidza pamusoro pemahombekombe, zvichikonzera matambudziko mazhinji kune vagari uye kune zvinomera nemhuka zvepano.
  Izvo zvinoitika zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzePacific neIndia Ocean, idzo dzine hunyanzvi hwekudengenyeka kwenyika.

Ndezvipi zvidziviriro zvatiinazvo kwavari?

Sezvo vanhu vakatanga kuwedzera kugara, vachigara pedyo nenzizi nemipata, zvakagara zvine dambudziko rakafanana: maitiro ekudzivirira mafashama? KuEjipitori, panguva yevaFarao, rwizi rweNile rwunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kuvaIjipita, saka vakakurumidza kudzidza kuti vangadzivirire sei zvirimwa zvavo nemikoto yaitsausa mvura nemadhamu. Asi zvinosuwisa kuti vaimboparadzwa nemvura mushure memakore mashoma.

Munguva yeMiddle Ages muSpain nekuchamhembe kweItaly, madziva nemadhamu zvaive zvichitovakwa izvo zvaitonga mafambiro enzizi. Asi hazvisati zviripo kusvika parizvino, munguva iripo, kuti mune dzinonzi nyika dzeKutanga Nyika tiri kunyatsokwanisa kudzivirira mafashama. Madhibhi, zvipingamupinyi zvesimbi, marangiji ekugadzirisa, kuvandudza kugona kwenzizi dzenzizi… Zvese izvi, zvakawedzerwa kufanozivisa mamiriro ekunze, zvakatitendera kudzora mvura zviri nani.

Uyewo, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinorambidzwa kuvaka pamhenderekedzo, dzinova nzvimbo dzinotambura zvakanyanya nemafashama emvura. Uye ndezvekuti, kana nzvimbo yechisikigo ikapererwa nemiti, mvura inozove nezvakawanda zvekuparadza zvese, nekudaro zvichisvika kudzimba; Kune rimwe divi, kana isina kuvakwa, kana kana, zvishoma nezvishoma, nharaunda yakarangwa zvakaomarara nemunhu nezvirimwa zvemunyika zvadzoreredzwa, njodzi yekuti mafashama achaparadza zvese ishoma.

Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kune rimwe divi, masisitimu akadai sekudzivirira, kuchenjerera uye zviito zvinotevera hazvigadziriswe, sezvazvakaitika mune madutu anga achiparadza nyika dzeSoutheast Asia. Nekudaro, kudyidzana kwepasi rose kuri kutsigira zviito zvekuti vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzine njodzi vachengeteke.

Mafashama muSpain

MuSpain takave nematambudziko makuru nemafashama. Izvo zvakakomba kwazvo munhoroondo yedu yazvino yaive inotevera:

Mafashamo a1907

Musi waSeptember 24, 1907, vanhu makumi maviri nevaviri vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo kuMalaga nekuda kwemvura zhinji. Bheseni reGuadalmedina rakafashukira, rakatakura avalanche huru yemvura nematope iyo yakasvika mamita mashanu pakureba.

Mafashama makuru eValencia

Musi waGumiguru 14, 1957, vanhu makumi masere nemasere vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo nekuda kwekufashukira kwerwizi Turia. Paive nemafashama maviri: wekutanga akashamisa munhu wese, sezvo muValencia makanga musina kumbonaya; wechipiri akasvika masikati kunzvimbo yeCamp del Turia. Mune ino yekupedzisira 125l / m2 yakaunganidzwa, 90 vavo mumaminitsi makumi mana. Rwizi rwacho rwaiyerera rwunosvika mazana mana nemazana mana emamiriyoni / s. MuBegis (Castellón) 40l / m4200 vakaunganidzwa.

Mafashamo a1973

On Gumiguru 19, 1973, 600l / m2 yakaunganidzwa muZúrgena (Almería) uye muAlbuñol (Granada). Paive nekufa kwakawanda; uyezve, matunhu eLa Rábita (Granada) nePuerto Lumbreras (Murcia) vakaparadzwa zvachose.

Tenerife mafashama

Kurume 31, 2002 232.6l / m2 akaunganidzwa, ine hukasha hwe162.6l / m2 muawa imwe, izvo zvakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vasere.

Mafashama muLevante

Pakati paZvita 16 na19, 2016, dutu reLevante rakakanganisa Valencian Community, Murcia, Almería neBalearic Islands zvakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vashanu. Panzvimbo dzakawanda kupfuura 600l / m2 akaunganidza.

Mafashama muMalaga

Musi waMarch 3, 2018 dutu akasunungurwa kusvika pamalita zana muzvikamu mudunhu reMalaga, senge chiteshi chengarava cheMalaga, yekuMadokero neInland Costa del Sol, iyo Serranía neGenal Valley. Neraki, pakange pasina kurasikirwa kwevanhu kwekuzvidemba, asi vezvevashandi vechimbichimbi vakatarisa zviitiko zvinopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu nekuda kwekudonha kwemiti nezvimwe zvinhu, uye kukoromoka kwepasi.

Haisi nguva yokutanga chimwe chinhu chakadai kuitika. Muchokwadi, izvi zviitiko zvinosuruvarisa zvakajairika. Semuenzaniso, Kukadzi 20, 2017 140 litita emvura akaunganidzwa pamamirimita mita nousiku humwe. Zvekukurumidzira zvakapinda zviitiko makumi maviri nematatu nekuda kwemafashama epasi pasi, kuwira zvinhu uye mota zvakanamatira mumugwagwa.

Dambudziko nderekuti dunhu rakakomberedzwa nemakomo. Kana kwanaya, mvura yese inoenda kwairi. Vanhu veMalaga vagara vachikumbira matanho anotorwa ekuzvidzivirira.