Mvura yakashambidzwa

Mumunda we geology uye jogirafi a kudirwa mvura uku kukosha kukuru. Iko kushushikana muvhu iyo yakakomberedzwa nenzvimbo yepamusoro. Munzvimbo ino, mvura yese inowira mukati mayo, kusanganisira iyo yekunaya uye yechando yakanyungudika, inoshanduka kuita imwechete. Munzvimbo yepasi pasi inoenderana nenzvimbo yekubheseni. Apa ndipo panoumbwa nzizi, nyanza, nzizi dzinoyerera mumakungwa nemakungwa.

Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve kukosha kweiyo hydrographic basin, hunhu hwayo uye geology.

Mhando huru

Nzizi zhinji dzine bheseni rayo, rinodurura nyika yese. Semuenzaniso, iyo yese nzvimbo yekudonha yeRwizi rweAmazon inogadzira nzvimbo yayo yekudonha, sezvinoita iyo Nile Rwizi rwekudonha nzvimbo ndiyo yako hydrological drainage nharaunda. Iwo ndiwo makuru echisikigo masisitimu anotarisira kuunganidza uye kutakura mvura uye masese.

"Mutsetse" uyo unopatsanura uye unosiyanisa nzvimbo dziri pedyo dzemvura inonzi "bheseni", chinova chinhu chinopfuura kutevedzana kwezvivakwa zvegeological zvine urefu hwakareba kudzivirira kusangana kwemvura dzebheseni. Ridges, makomo, zvikomo uye zvisikwa zvakajairika zvidimbu zvinogona kupatsanura mvura.

Mabheseni anosiyana muhukuru, asi anogona kunge ari madiki kunge akakura, achifukidza nzvimbo zhinji dzenyika uye achiwedzera kusvika pamakiromita akati wandei. Chikonzero cheichi ndechekuti bheseni harina rwizi chete, asiwo akati wandei mutero, ayo akabatanidzwa kune mamwe makuru kana madiki matumbi emvura.

Nguva zhinji rwizi diki rwunozadzwa nerwizi rukuru kana kubatanidza nerukova kana nyanza, saka huwandu hwemvura iri mubheseni ichawedzera. Nekudaro, bheseni hombe rine rukova rukuru uye nemitero yayo yese, asi yega yega mutero inewo bheseni diki. Muenzaniso: Iyo Mississippi Rwizi Basin ine matanhatu madiki emvura emvura. Bhesimendi reAmazon ndiro rwizi rukuru nekuti iyo nemitero yayo yese ine nzvimbo yemadhiraini anodarika mamirioni manomwe emakiromita emakiromita.

Mvura yemvura ndiyo yakasarudzika system inoona nezve kuunganidza uye kuendesa mvura uye sediment munzizi, hova, nedzimwe nzira dzemvura. Huwandu hwemvura inoyerera zvinoenderana nemvura inonaya inoitika, kugona kwekutora, kupinda uye kuzadza kwevhu, chimiro chenyika (yakati sandara, kutsvedza, nezvimwewo), iko kushanduka kwemiti, kubuda kwemvura uye zvimwe zvinhu. Chii chimwe, kunyanyisa kushandiswa kwemvura yemvura nevanhu kunoderedza huwandu hwemvura iri mubheseni.

Mhando dzemvura dzemvura

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemvura dzakatarwa zvichienderana ne morphology yavo uye nekwavanowanikwa. Ngatione kuti ndeapi makuru:

• Rwizi rweRwizi. Idzo inzvimbo dzakadonhedzwa nenzizi uye nemitero yavo, semumuenzaniso wataurwa pamusoro. Zvisinei, kune mamwe marudzi emvura
• Structural basin. Izvo zvinoumbwa nekushandurwa kwema tectonic mahwendefa. Izvo zvinowanzoitika munzvimbo dzisina mvura.
• Mukati mebhesheni. Mvura yayo haina kuyerera ichienda kugungwa kana munyanza, asi inowanzoita mhute kana kunyura pasi. Aya mabhesiki ekushongedza ane emukati dhiraini masystem.
• Bheseni regungwa. Mabhesiki ematekoni anowanikwa mumipata akavharirwa nemarara, matombo kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzivirira kuburitswa kwemvura, nekudaro zvichizobatirirwa mumarara uye kugadzira madhamu.
• Sedimentary bheseni. Iwo masisitimu ehydrological mabhesheni ane akaonda madepression anoumbwa nematanho edombo uye ehupenyu zvigadzirwa.
• Mugungwa. Izvo zvinoenderana nekudengenyeka kukuru uko kunowanikwa makungwa epasi, saka mugungwa rega rega pane bheseni

Kusvibisa uye kukosha

Kusvibisa uye kugarisa mumadhorobha ndidzo dzimwe tyisidziro dzakakomba dzinotyisidzira mafashama emvura epasirese. Mvura yemvura inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza ecology uye hupenyu hwezvisikwa, kusanganisira vanhu. Mvura ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zviwanikwa pasirese uye inodikanwa kuti ishandiswe nevanhu vese.

Kusvibisa, kukura kwemaguta uye kushandisa kwakanyanya zviwanikwa (mhuka nemiti yezvirimwa zvemvura, zvicherwa, nezvimwewo) zvemvura yazvo zvinoita kutyisidzira kwakakomba kunoisa panjodzi kutsungirira kwavo pasi. Hurumende zhinji dzakamisa mapoka ekuchengetedza mvura, asi chokwadi ndechekuti chero munhu anoedza kuchengeta mvura anobatsira kuchengetedza iyo mvura.

Mvura yemvura yakakosha mukusimudzira kwenzvimbo uye zviitiko zvevanhu. Chii chakakosha kukosha kwedhishi? Tinokuratidza mimwe mienzaniso:

• Chokutanga, gadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura, saka kuvapo kwayo kunodzora njodzi yenjodzi dzinongoitika dzakaita semafashama kana kukoromoka kwepasi.
• Uyewo, gadzirisa mhando yemvura uye iri sosi yemvura nyowani, chikafu chezvinhu zvese zvipenyu zvinogara pasi.
• Sezvo kuyerera kwemvura mubheseni kuchikurumidza, tinogona kuwana magetsi emagetsi ekuita zviitiko zvedu.
• Pakupedzisira, hatigoni kutadza kutaura nezve runako rwemupata werwizi, iyo inowanzo kuve chikamu chezviitiko zvedu zvekuzorora.

Pakuumbwa uye mamiriro hydrographic mabheseni

Pakutenderera kwemvura, mvura inonaya inoungana mumikana midiki inogadzira materu kugadzira mabhesheni emvura, ichivhura migero mizhinji yenguva pfupi. Chikamu chemvura inonaya chinopwa kana kupinda mukati uye chimwe chikamu chinotenderera chichidzika nemukwidza. Kana bheseni rakakura zvakakwana, kuyerera kwepasi uye kuyerera kwepasi kunogona kuburitsa kuyerera kwemvura kwechigarire, ichiumba bhesheni yakazara yemvura.

Mvura yemvura yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakawanda. Ngatione zvavari:

• Bheseni repamusoro: ndiyo nzvimbo inowanikwa sosi yerwizi rukuru munzvimbo dzemateru nemakomo.
• Middle bheseni: Iyi inzvimbo inoenderana nemupata werwizi, uko kazhinji, iyo zigzags.
• Bheseni rezasi: Iyo inzvimbo yepasi apo nzizi dzinorasikirwa nekumhanya, simba uye sediment zvese zvakaunganidzwa zvinhu, zvichiumba mabani.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chii chinonzi mvura mvura, ayo maitiro uye kukosha kwayo.