Lithology

matombo uye sediment

Geology ine matavi akati wandei anodzamisa zvidzidzo zvezvikamu zvakasiyana. Rimwe rematavi egeology ndi lithology. Iyo sainzi inodzidza matombo, kusanganisira mavambo, zera, kuumbwa, chimiro uye kugoverwa pasi rese. Iri bazi resainzi rakatangira makare-kare, iro rakatanga nemipiro yakasiyana siyana kubva kuChinese neArabhu kudiridza, pakati pevamwe vanhu. Mipiro yechikamu chekumadokero chenyika inozivikanwa zviri nani iya yaAristotle nemudzidzi wake Theophrastus mune rake basa Pamatombo.

Muchinyorwa chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu uye kukosha kweiyo lithology.

Hunhu hwe lithology

mhando dzedombo

Lithology chirango chinosarudzira matombo kubva mukudzidza kwevari vaviri muviri uye kiriniki zvivakwa. Izvo zvakare zvinotsanangurwa zvinoenderana nemaitiro anomutsa matombo. Kubva pane izvi, inosimbiswa mumatatu makuru marudzi ematombo: igneous, sedimentary uye metamorphic matombo. Kunyangwe mazwi ekuti lithology uye petrology zvinowanzo fungwa zvakafanana, kune avo vanoita misiyano isinganzwisisike. Semuenzaniso, kana tichitaura nezve lithology isu hatisi kureva chidzidzo chekuumbwa kwedombo rine dudziro aria. Ndokunge, isu tinotora nzvimbo uye tinodzidza mhando dzakasiyana dzematombo aripo munzvimbo iyoyo.

Kune rumwe rutivi, Petrology inongobvumidzwa pakudzidza kwese mhando yedombo kunyanya. Sekureva kweavo vanofunga mazwi akapatsanurwa, kudzidza kuteedzana kwematombo anoita kunge asiri munhu kana chero chinhu chiri lithology. Zvisinei, kudzidza kuumbwa kwemaminerari mumatombo tekinoroji. Kunyangwe zvese zviri zviviri zvichionekwa zvakafanana, zvinofukidza zvese izvi zvinhu.

Chinhu chekudzidza nezve lithology ndiyo yepanyama uye makemikari zvivakwa zvematombo. Maitiro anoshandiswa zvakare kudzidza zvicherwa zviyero zveumwe neumwe. Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvemakemikari ekuumbwa uye mineralogy zvinosanganisirwa. Maumbirwo kana marongedzerwo azvakaitwa pakati pazvo zvakare chinhu chekudzidza mune lithology.

Lithology nematombo marudzi

lithology zvidzidzo

Tinoziva kuti matombo anowanikwa muvhu uye akaiswa muzvikamu maererano nemaitiro aakasimudza. Izvi zvinokonzeresa matatu anogona kunge ari marombo mhando kuti aumbe: igneous, sedimentary, uye metamorphic matombo. Tichazotsanangura kuti ndedzipi mhando dzakasiyana dzematombo dzinoverengerwa mulithology.

Igneous matombo

Ndeavo akaumbwa semhedzisiro yesarudzo uye nemumagma yese. Magma ndicho chinhu chakaumbwa chinogadzira jasi repasi. Zvinhu izvi hazvisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwedombo rakaumbwa nemweya uye zvinwiwa. Magma inowanikwa pakadzika zvakadzika uye inokwira kumusoro nekuda kwejasi convection mafungu uye kuputika kwemakomo. Kana magma aya abuda pamusoro penyika, anorasikirwa nemweya uye anotonhorera kudzamara aumba matombo anoputika. Rudzi urwu rwedombo runodaidzwa kuti matombo anoputika.

Magma inogona kusimbisa zvishoma nezvishoma pakati pepakati pakatsemuka uye kugadzira plutonic igneous matombo. Matombo aya anoita zvishoma nezvishoma. Iwo anonzi magneous matombo sezvo iwo achionekwa sedzisingagumi mavambo. kuvapo maviri akajairika mhando dzegneous matombo zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwawo. Acid igneous matombo ndeaya anoumbwa nehupamhi hwechikamu chesilika uye ane mahara quartz nesimbi shoma uye magnesium. Kune rimwe divi, matombo egneous anokosha ndeaya ane chikamu chakaderera chesilika uye asina quartz, asi ane magnesium nesimbi yakawanda.

Sedimentary matombo

lithology

Ndeavo akaumbwa kubva mumatope akaiswa pamusoro penyika uye anobva mukukukurwa kwematombo aripo. Iwo anonzi zvakare matombo ekunze kwakatangira, nekuti akaumbwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa zviri pamusoro pevhu. Iko kuumbwa kwemazhinji ematombo aya kune yakasikwa mavambo. Semuenzaniso, kune akawanda matombo anoumbwa nemahombekombe egungwa ane calcium yakawanda uye anoita calcareous matombo. Zvidimbu hazvisi chinhu chinopfuura zvicherwa zvinogadzirwa mukukukurwa kwematombo aripo uye. Ndokureva, Sedimentary matombo ndiwo matombo anoumbwa kuburikidza nematombo aripo kuburikidza nehurongwa hunozivikanwa sedimentation.

Izvo zvidimbu zvinoumba sedimentary matombo zvinoburitswa nekubatanidzwa kwemvura, shanduko mukushisa, mhepo, dhonza, uye kuisa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti madutu ese akaiswa mushure mekufamba kwega kwega kuri kuumba matanda pane akaturikidzana uye madenga ekumusoro ari kumanikidza iwo ezasi kusvikira vaumba dombo. Sezvinotarisirwa, maitiro aya anotora mamirioni emakore. Mushure memamirioni emakore ave kuzokwanisa kuvhara nekugadzirisa kuita matete akasarudzika. Iwo akaturikidzana anoungana sezvo achiitwa nekumanikidza kwehuremu hwematanho epamusoro. Iyo yepamusoro tembiricha iyo inogadzirwa uye kuramba kwe cementitious zvinhu zvakare kunoitika mukuumbwa kwe sedimentary matombo.

Ipapo ndiko kufamba kwetectonic kunoita kuti matombo aya akwire kumusoro. Kune rimwe divi, ivowo vari chikamu chematombo anoumba aya matombo, kwete zvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu zvakaita sehombodo uye organic kabhoni. Kazhinji rudzi urwu rwematombo runovewo nezvimwe zvipenyu zvinoonekwa nekukandwa. Ndokunge, matombo anoratidza matanda kana strata. Mienzaniso yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa sedimentary matombo iwo matombo amabwe ane mamwe matemba, matombo ejecha uye nesimbi.

Metamorphic matombo

Ndeavo akaumbwa kubva pamhando mbiri dzemaitiro apfuura. Maitiro aya anoitika mukatikati meguruva repasi kana zvepamusoro. Iwo matombo ayo anoumbwa akavakirwa pane sedimentary kuumbwa ayo akaiswa pasi pekumanikidza kukuru uye kwakanyanya tembiricha. Iko kune zvakare chiito chemagma gasi iyo iyo yakadzika metamorphosis inoumbwa. Ngatione muenzaniso wayo. Imwe mhando yekusangana metamorphism ndeye apo magma inosanganisa pamusoro inosangana nedombo repasi. Kusangana uku kunokonzeresa kuti magasi uye kupisa zvipfuure

Mukuparadzanisa metamorphism zvakare iri imwe misiyano. Muchiitiko ichi, pane kumanikidza pane sedimentary kana igneous matombo nekuda kwekufamba kwematetoniki mahwendefa. Iko kumanikidza kunoitwa padombo kunoguma kwaita dombo remetamorphic.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve lithology uye zvazvinodzidza.


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako