Ndekupi kudzika kwakanyanya kwegungwa

Sezvinongodzidzwa makomo marefu epasi uye kuti nhongonya dzawo ndedzipi, vanhu vakaedzawo kudzidza kuti ndehupi hudzamu hwepamusoro hwemakungwa nemakungwa. Ichokwadi kuti izvi zvakanyanya kuoma kuverenga kubva pakuziva kudzika kwakadzama kwegungwa chii Zvinoda teknolojia yepamusoro. Munhu haaburuki netsoka kana kushambira pakadzika pegungwa sezvaanoita nemakomo.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze nezvehupamhi hwepamusoro hwegungwa, maitiro ayo uye tsvakurudzo ipi iripo pamusoro payo.

Kutsvakurudza

Mushure memwedzi yekutsvagisa, boka revasayendisiti rinoti isu pakupedzisira tave neruzivo "rwechokwadi" pamusoro pezvakadzama zvepasi redu. Iwo ndiwo mhedzisiro yerwendo rwakadzama rushanu rwakashandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro-soro kusvika parizvino kuti iite mepu yakakura kwazvo pasi pegungwa muPacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic uye Antarctic oceans.

Mamwe emasaiti aya senge 10.924 metres kudzika kweMariana Trench kumadokero kwePacific Ocean, dzakaongororwa kakawanda. Asi chirongwa chakadzama chishanu chakabvisawo zvimwe zvasara zvisina chokwadi.

Kwemakore, nzvimbo mbiri dzakakwikwidza nzvimbo yakadzika muIndia Ocean: chikamu cheJava Trench kubva kumahombekombe eIndonesia uye nzvimbo ine mhosva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweAustralia. Maitiro ekuyera akaomesesa akashandiswa neChishanu Deeps timu akasimbisa kuti Java ndiyo yakakunda.

Asi kuora mwoyo Pa 7.187 metres kudzika, iko chaizvo 387 metres kudzika pane yapfuura data yakataurwa. Saizvozvo, muSouthern Ocean, iko zvino kwave nenzvimbo nyowani kwatinofanira kufunga nezvakadzika nzvimbo. Kuora mwoyo kunonzi Factorian Abyss, kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweSouth Sandwich Trench, pakadzika 7.432 metres.

Mugoronga rimwe chetero, kune imwe yakadzika kuchamhembe (Meteor Deep, 8.265 metres), asi zvehunyanzvi iri muAtlantic Ocean, sezvo mutsetse wekupatsanura neSouth Pole uchitanga pa60º kumaodzanyemba latitude. Nzvimbo yakadzika muAtlantic Ocean ndeye iyo Puerto Rico Trench pa8.378 metres panzvimbo inonzi Brownson Deep.

Rwendo urwu rwakaratidzawo Challenger Deep pa10.924 metres muMariana Trench senzvimbo yakadzama muPacific Ocean, pamberi peHorizon Deep (10.816 metres) muTonga Trench.

Ndekupi kudzika kwakanyanya kwegungwa

Iyo nyowani yakadzama data ichangobva kuburitswa mune chinyorwa mujenari Geoscience Data. Munyori waro mukuru ndiye Cassie Bongiovanni weCaladan Oceanic LLC, kambani yakabatsira kuronga Five Deeps. Rwendo urwu rwakatungamirwa naVictor Vescovo, muchengeti wemari uye mufambi kubva kuTexas.

Aimbove murwi wemauto emuNavy weUS aida kuve munhu wekutanga munhoroondo kunyura kusvika pakadzika pasi pemakungwa ese mashanu, uye akazadzisa chinangwa ichocho paakasvika panzvimbo kuNorth Pole inonzi Molloy Deep (5.551 metres) musi wa24 Nyamavhuvhu 2019. Asi apo Vescovo aiisa zvinyorwa mungarava yake yepasi pemvura, boka rake resainzi rakanga richitora zviyero zvisati zvamboonekwa zvetembiricha yemvura uye munyu pamwero wese kusvika pasi pegungwa.

Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakugadzirisa kuverenga kwakadzama (kunozivikanwa semadonhwe ekumanikidza) kubva kune echo sounders pazvikepe zvinotsigira pasi pegungwa. Naizvozvo, kudzika kunotaurwa nemazvo. kunyangwe vaine muganho wekukanganisa wekuwedzera kana kubvisa gumi nemashanu metres.

Kusaziva kuti chii chakanyanya kudzika kwegungwa

Parizvino zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvepasi pegungwa. Inoda kusvika 80% yepasi pegungwa inoramba ichiongororwa pachishandiswa hunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hunoshandiswa neFive Deeps. "Kwenguva yemwedzi gumi, tichishanyira nzvimbo idzi shanu, takaronga nzvimbo yakakura yeFrance," akatsanangura kudaro Heather Stewart, nhengo yeboka reBritish Geological Survey. “Asi mukati meiyi nharaunda, mune imwe nharaunda itsva chose chose ukuru hweFinland, uko pasi pegungwa kusati kwamboonekwa,” akawedzera kudaro. Maererano nenyanzvi, izvi "zvinoratidza chete zvinogona kuitwa uye zvinofanira kuitwa."

Ruzivo rwese rwakaunganidzwa ruchapihwa kuNippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 chirongwa, chine chinangwa chekugadzira mamepu akadzika egungwa kubva kwakasiyana dhata zvinyorwa pakupera kwemakore gumi ano.

mepu dzegungwa

Kuitwa kwerudzi urwu rwemepu kwakakosha munzira dzakawanda. Iwo, hongu, akakosha pakufambisa uye nekuisa tambo dzepasi pemvura uye mapaipi. Inoshandiswawo kutungamira uye kuchengetedza kubata hove, kubva pazviri mhuka dzesango dzinowanzoungana dzakatenderedza seamounts.

Nzvimbo imwe neimwe yegungwa iri pakati pezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Uyezve, kubvongodzwa kwegungwa kunokanganisa maitiro emvura yemugungwa uye kusanganiswa kwemvura kwakatwasuka. Iri ruzivo rwakakosha kuvandudza mamodheru anofanotaura shanduko yemamiriro ekunze mune ramangwana, kubvira nyanza dzinoita basa guru mukufambisa kupisa kutenderedza pasi.

Mamepu akanaka epasi pegungwa akakosha kana tichizonyatsonzwisisa kuti mwero wegungwa uchakwira sei munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi.

Chii chinozivikanwa kusvika ikozvino pamusoro pegungwa

Avhareji yakadzika yegungwa ndeye 14.000 tsoka. (2,65 mamaira). Nzvimbo yakadzama mugungwa, inozivikanwa seChallenger Deep, iri pasi pegungwa rekumadokero kwePacific Ocean kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweMariana Trench, mazana emakiromita maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero kwenzvimbo yeUS yeGuam. Challenger Deep inosvika 10,994 metres (36,070 feet) kudzika. Yakadanwa kudaro nekuti HMS Challenger ndiyo yaive ngarava yekutanga kugadzira matsime ekutanga kuyerwa kwakadzika muna 1875.

Kudzika uku kunodarika gomo repamusoro-soro pasi rose, Mount Everest (8.846 metres = 29.022 feet). Kudai Everest yaiva muMariana Trench, gungwa raizoifukidza, ichisiya imwe makiromita 1,5 (inenge kiromita imwe kudzika). Pakudzika kwazvo, dzvinyiriro dzinosvika kudarika 15 pounds per square inch. Kuenzanisa, mazinga ekumanikidzwa kwemazuva ese pagungwa angangoita 15 pounds per square inch.

Nzvimbo yakadzika yeAtlantic Ocean inowanikwa muTrench kuchamhembe kwePuerto Rico. Mugero wakadzika mamita 8.380 (27.493 tsoka), makiromita 1.750 kureba uye makiromita zana (1.090 mamaira) wakafara. Nzvimbo yakadzika ndiyo Milwaukee Abyss kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwePuerto Rico.

Ndinotarisira kuti nemashoko aya unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pehupamhi hwepamusoro hwegungwa.