Jupiter ndiyo nyika huru pane yese solar system uye ndeyeboka remapuraneti egasi. Inyika yakakura kusvika parizvino yawana mwedzi yakawanda. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vanoshamisika jupiter ine mwedzi mingani. Iyo ine nhamba yakakura kwazvo uye magadzirirwo ayo anoshamisa.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza kuti mingani mwedzi Jupiter ine, magadzirirwo ayo uye humwe hunhu hwavo uye curiosities.
Jupiter ine mwedzi mingani?
Tsvagiridzo yazvino yakasimbisa kuti panguva ye2020 mwedzi inokwana makumi manomwe nepfumbamwe kana kuti mwedzi chaiwo inotenderera Jupiter yakaverengwa. Vanamazvikokota vanotarisira kuti nhamba iyoyo ichawedzera panosvika gore ra2021, sezvo mwedzi mitsva yakawanikwa kubvira muzana remakore rechi2020. Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti mingani mwedzi Jupiter ine kubva 600, unogona kuverenga chidzidzo chakaitwa naEdward Ashton et al. Inoti 1 XNUMX kilometer retrograde irregular mwedzi yeJupiter.
Pakati pemwedzi yeJupiter, mwedzi yeGarireya inobuda pachena. Mwedzi mina ine denderedzwa yakawanikwa muna 4 naGalileo Galilei, uyo aiiona seimwe yemwedzi mikuru muzuva. Pakutanga, Galileo akazvitumidza kuti Jupiter 1, Jupiter 2, Jupiter 3, uye Jupiter 4, mukutevedzana kwedaro kubva kumapuraneti. (kubva mukati kusvika kunze). Nekudaro, ivo zvino vava kuzivikanwa nemazita ayo Simon Marius akazokurudzira kumwedzi waJupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, uye Callisto.
Iyi mwedzi yeGarireya inotsanangurwa pazasi mwedzi yenguva dzose, ndiko kuti, yakaumbwa ichitenderera mapuraneti, pane kutorwa semwedzi isina kujairika.
Io
Io, inozivikanwawo seJupiter 1 nevakawana vayo, ndeimwe yemwedzi mina yeGalileo, yechitatu pakukura uye padyo neJupiter (mwedzi wemukati-kati) yakakura kupfuura mwedzi wePasi. Ine dhayamita inosvika makiromita 4 uye inotenderera Jupiter mumazuva 3.643 pachinhambwe chemakiromita 1,77. Mwedzi uyu une maitiro akati wandei:
- Kutanga, ine makomo anoputika anopfuura 400 ari pamusoro uye chiitiko che geological chikuru kwazvo, iro chaizvoizvo riri pamusoro-soro mugadziriro yose yezuva. Izvi ndezvei? Kunyanya nekuda kwekudziya kwemvura nekuda kwekukweshana kunoitwa nekukwezvana kuri pakati peJupiter nemimwe mwedzi mikuru. Mhedzisiro yacho ivhu rinoputika rinokwanisa kusvika kureba zvinotopfuura makiromita 500, pasina makoronga anooneka pamusoro.
- orbit yayo inokonzerwa neJupiter's magnetic field uye Io kuswedera pedyo neGaririya mwedzi Europa neGanymede.
- Mhepo yaro ine sulfur dioxide (SO2).
- Iine hurefu hwepamusoro kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu mumhepo yezuva.
- Pakupedzisira, ine mamorekuru emvura mashoma pane mamwe mwedzi.
Europe
Europa, kana Jupiter II, kunyangwe uri mwedzi mudiki weGarireya, une dhayamita yemakiromita 3.122, mumwe wemwedzi weJupiter unonyanya kufarirwa. Asi nei ichiyevedza kudaro? Mwedzi unonyanya kufarirwa nevesainzi nekuti zvagara zvichifungwa kuti pasi peaizi yakakora yemakiromita zana pane gungwa guru riri kuvharika nekuda kwekupisa kunoitwa neatomu nuclei inogadzirwa nickel nesimbi. , hunobvira upenyu. NASA yakazvisimbisa muna 100, uye kunyangwe pachine humbowo hwesainzi, kune tarisiro yekuti zvipenyu zvemumvura zvichakura pamasetellita.
Chimwe chinhu chekucherechedza pamusoro peEuropa ndechekuti mwedzi, une orbital radius yemakiromita 671.100, unodzokera kuJupiter mumazuva 3,5. Tsaona ye geological inopfuura 100 metres ekukwirira inoratidza kuti iyo yekumusoro geology idiki. Kupfuura izvozvo, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mhepo yaro inoumbwa neabiotic masosi eokisijeni, uye mhute yemvura chibereko chekudyidzana kwechiedza nepamusoro pechando.
Ganymede
Galileo akaudaidza kuti Ganymede kana kuti Jupiter 3 uye waive mwedzi mukurusa waGalileo. Nehupamhi hwemakiromita 5.262, Ganymede inodarika saizi yeMercury, iyo nyika iri pedyo nezuva, uye inopedzisa kutenderera kweJupiter kwemakiromita 1.070.400 mumazuva manomwe.
Iyi satellite ine zvakawanda zvinoiisa parutivi kubva kune mamwe masatellite ayo anoipa iyo yakasarudzika kukwezva:
- Kune rimwe divi, iyo silicate ice moon ine musimboti wesimbi yemvura uye mukati megungwa iyo masayendisiti anodavira kuti ingapfuura mvura iri pasi redu.
- Zvakare, iyo ine yayo yega magineti, kusiyana nemamwe, ayo anofungidzirwa kuve nekuda kwekutenderera mukati memvura yepakati.
- Pamusoro pekuve iwo mukurusa, ndiwowo mwedzi wakajeka weGarireya.
Callisto
Callisto kana Jupiter IV iri zvakare hombe setiraiti, kunyangwe iri shoma. Iyo ine dhayamita ye4.821 makiromita uye inotenderera makiromita 1.882.700 kubva kuJupiter mumazuva gumi nemanomwe. Mwedzi uyu ndiwo wekunze pane ina, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa chokwadi chekuti ndiwo mudiki wakakanganiswa neJupiter's magnetic field.
Geologically kutaura, inomira pachena nekuve neimwe yenzvimbo dzekare uye kuve nemhepo yakatetepa inoumbwa neokisijeni nekabhoni dhaikisaidhi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinotendwa kuti Callisto inogona kuchengeta gungwa repasi pevhu remvura yemvura mukati mayo.
Mimwe mwedzi yeJupiter
Pamwedzi makumi manomwe nemipfumbamwe yaJupiter, misere chete ndiyo inogara iripo. Pamusoro pemasatellite mana eGarireya atakatotaura akabatanidzwa muboka renyeredzi renguva dzose, kune 4 Amalthea satellites (Thebe, Amalthea, Adrastea uye Metis). Vese vane chinhu chimwe chete vakafanana, kuti ndiyo mwedzi iri padyo neJupiter, inotenderera ichienda kudivi rimwe chete, uye ine yakaderera orbital kurerekera.
Mukupesana, kutenderera kwemwedzi kusingaenzaniswi kune elliptical uye kure kwazvo nepasi. Pakati pemwedzi isina kurongeka yeJupiter tinowana: boka reHimalaya, Themisto, Carpo uye Valetudo.
Sezvauri kuona, isu tatoziva kuti ingani mwedzi Jupiter ine uye hukuru hunhu hweumwe neumwe wavo. Kuve nyika yakakura kudaro, inogona kugamuchira nhamba yakakura kwazvo. Masayendisiti akawanda ane tariro yokuti upenyu hunogona kukura mavari. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti mingani mwedzi Jupiter ine uye kuti ndeapi maitiro ayo makuru.