Mazuva mashoma apfuura chirevo chesainzi chakaburitswa mu "Sayenzi Mishumo" 7 (iyo nhamba nhamba ndeye 5828 ya2017), yakapa zvinopfuura zvinotyisa mhedziso. Methane yakavharirwa muArctic chando kubva pakuregedza permafrost iri kusunungurwa. Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwekuoma kwechiitiko ichi, isu tinofanirwa kutanga taziva kuti ihomwe dzemethane gasi yakavharirwa muchando iyo, kana yangobviswa, inodonhedza zvachose. Kuburitswa kwemethane gasi kune simba rakanyanya kupisa. Iyo iri makumi maviri / makumi matatu nguva ine simba uye isina kunaka zvine chekuita neacarbon dioxide.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwezvidzidzo, gasi remethane ndicho chikonzero chechitatu chekukwira kwekushisa kwepasi. Dambudziko pano riri mukusununguka kwemethane iyo yakavharirwa ikaunganidzwa pasi pechando, iyo yave kusunungurwa. Discontinuous permafrost, iyo inonzi nematanho ayo kubva kune achangopfuura uye echando matanda, akaumbwa muPleistocene. Mhedzisiro iyo iyi inogona kuve ichave yakakwira nekuda kwayo mhinduro mhedzisiro. Iyo methane gasi yakaburitswa inowedzera kudziya, iyo inowedzera kunyungudika, iyo inowedzera kuburitswa kwemethane gasi kubva kunzvimbo dzisiri kuzovezwa nechando zvakare ... nezvimwewo.
Chidzidzo chacho chakawanikwa sei?
Chidzidzo ichi, icho chakaitwa mu13.000km2 Mackenzine delta. Ndiyo yechipiri arctic delta. Nzvimbo yaidzidziswa yaive 320km kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva uye 240km kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Kuyerwa kwakatorwa mukati mechikepe chePolar 5 kubva kuAlfred Wegener Helmholtz Institute, Center for Polar Sayenzi neMaribas. Kunyangwe chidzidzo ichi chakaburitswa nguva pfupi yadarika, nguva yakazowanikwa pakudzidza mundege yaive pakati pegore ra2012 na2013. Kusanganisira mazuva mashanu ekubhururuka uye nzira dzekubhururuka makumi mana nemana dzegore rekutanga, uye mazuva manomwe ekubhururuka pamwe nemakumi mana migwagwa yegore rechipiri.
Izvo zviyero zve spacecraft zvakagadzirwa ne3-mita yemhino musoro, kusanganisira iyo 5-hole probe yekuyera iyo 3D mhepo vekita yaive yakaiswa kumberi kwendege. Semuenzaniso mweya wakatorwa kubva kune inopinda pamusoro pekamuri, uye chete methane gasi yakatarwa yakaongororwa paRMT-200 muna2012. Muna 2013, yakaongororwa mune Yekutsva Greenhouse Gesi muongorori FGG24EP, kune ese methane gasi, carbon dioxide uye mvura mhute.
Ndezvipi mhedziso zvinotorwa kubva muchidzidzo ichi?
Chidzidzo ichi chaiitwa munzvimbo inoregedza permafrost yeMackenzie Delta, Canada. Iyo yakasimba methane gasi inoburitsa iyo iri kuve neruzivo yakayerwa kupfuura 10.000km2. Permafrost yakaratidzirwa kuita senge hombe chando rino chengeta zvicherwa nezvisaririra.
Permafrost kutetepa
Kutanga, kuonda kweiyo permafrost mune inodziya mamiriro ekunze hakugone kungoguma nekuwedzera kuburitswa kwe biogenic methane gasi. Asi zvakare mukuwedzera kuburitswa kwe geological methane gasi, iyo parizvino yakavharirwa pasi peyakaenderera uye gobvu permafrost. Sezvo nzira nyowani dzekubuda dzakavhurika nekuda kwekunyungudika kwemafafrost.
Thawed permafrost muAlaska. Mufananidzo wakapihwa neNASA
Kune dzimwe nzvimbo kunze kweiyo yakadzidzwa nemamiriro akafanana
Chechipiri, mamwe matunhu eArctic ane gasi rechisikigo nemafuta anochengeterwa mafuta, ayo parizvino akafukidzwa neyakaenderera mberi permafrost, anogona kuverengerwa kutaura nezveramangwana remethane gasi, kana zvachose permafrost nyungudika ichienderera.
Mhinduro yekuita
Yetatu, mhedzisiro yakawanikwa nemasayendisiti inoratidza kuti geological emissions yemethane gasi inogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kune mhinduro mhedzisiro. Permafrost-Carbon-Mamiriro ekunze (zvakanyanya hunyanzvi). Kunyanya munzvimbo dzinobvumidzwa nechando dzinogona kubatwa nekunyungudika uye nekudaro dzinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya.
Kukuvadza kuri kukonzerwa nekudziya kwepasi kuri kuwedzera pachena munyika dzese. Mubvunzo ndewekuti zvichave zvakakwana here kudzikisira mweya weCO2, kana zvimwe zvichatofanira kuitwa nezvazvo. Denderedzwa rinotyisa riri kupinzwa, zvinoita sekunge harisi kuzomira zvakadaro.