Mune meteorology, meteorological misiyano inozivisa mamiriro ekunze inoramba ichiyerwa. Misiyano yakakoshesa ndeyedenga remhepo, hunyoro, mwaranzi yezuva, iko kunongedzera uye simba remhepo, nezvimwe. Musiyano wega wega wemamiriro ekunze unopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve mamiriro ekunze uye inobvumidza iwe kufanotaura kuti mamiriro ekunze achange akaita sei mumazuva mashoma anotevera.
Nhasi tichataura nezvazvo hygrometer, chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera mwando. Iwe unoda kuziva here kuti inoshanda sei uye zvese zvine hukama neruzivo iyo yaunogona kupa mune meteorology?
Main maficha, nhoroondo uye zvinoshandiswa
Iyo hygrometer hapana chimwe kunze kwechiridzwa chinoshandiswa kuyera mwero wehunyoro mumhepo, ivhu uye zvirimwa. Isu tinorangarira kuti hunyoro ihwo uwandu hwemhute yemvura munharaunda. Zvekuti humvu hwazara, ambient tembiricha inofanira kuva yakaderera. Nenzira iyi, mhute yemvura iri mumhepo inodonhedza uye inopa kusimuka kwedova.
Iyo hygrometer inoshandiswa kuyera huwandu hwemhute yemvura mumhepo. Kune akatiwandei emhando dzema hygrometer zvinoenderana nekushanda kwavo, kunyange hazvo iwo ese aine chinangwa chimwe.
Iyo hygrometer yakagadzirwa neiyo French physicist Guillaume Amontos muna 1687. Iyo yakazogadziridzwa uye nekugadziriswa neFahrenheit pakati pezana ramakumi masere nemasere. Inoshandisa maseru anonzwisisa uye anoratidza musiyano muhumhu, hwese gasi nemhepo zvakawandisa. Dzakare dzakavakwa nema mechanical type sensors. Aya ma sensors akapa mhinduro kuzvinhu zvinoenderana nekusiyana kwehunyoro, senge bvudzi remunhu.
Mafomu ayo akafara kwazvo. Ivo anoshandiswa zvese kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zviri panjodzi yekunyanyisa hunyoro, kuziva kuswedera kwemvura dzinogona kunaya uye yakaipa mamiriro ekunze kazhinji, kuve nehutsanana hwakanaka uchiziva mwero wenyoro munzvimbo nemumakamuri. Iyo inoshandiswawo mune dzakawanda maindasitiri maitiro anoda hunyoro, sekugadzirwa kweimwe micheka, bepa, uye sirika.
Pfungwa dzakakodzera nezve humidity
Kuti unzwisise kushanda chaiko kwema hygrometre, zvinodikanwa kuti uzive mamwe mafungiro ehunyoro uye mashandiro ayo.
Somuenzaniso, humidity Iyo ipfungwa iyo vanhu vazhinji vasina kujeka nezvayo. Mvura yemvura inogadzirwa kuburikidza nezviitiko zvakasiyana zvevanhu uye, kazhinji, zvechero munhu mupenyu. Mudzimba, mhute yemvura inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekubika zviitiko mukicheni, mashawa, dikita kubva kumiti, kufema, nezvimwe.
Mhute yemvura iyi inogadzirwa inofurwa nemhepo zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwehunyoro hwemhepo. Naizvozvo, huwandu hwakawanda hwemhute yemvura hunogona kukwana mumhepo pasina kuzara (ndokuti, kudzora) kunoenderana netembiricha iri mukati. Iyo inodziya mhepo, iyo inowedzera mvura mhute iyo yainogona kubata isina kuzadzwa nehunyoro. Kuti Hukama hune hukama ihwo uwandu hwemhute yemvura mumhepo muzana.
Imwe pfungwa inoenderana ndeye humidity yakakwana. Ndihwo huwandu hwemhute yemvura iyo ine cubic mita yemweya ine uye inoratidzwa mumagiramu pa cubic mita. Hygrometer zvakare inokwanisa kuyera poindi yekuzadza kwenzvimbo zvichienderana netembiricha. Iyo yekuzadza poindi ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda yemvura mhute inogona kuve iripo mumvura pane imwe tembiricha uye kumanikidza pasina iyo mvura mhute inodzora.
Hygrometer mhando
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekushanda kweiyo hygrometer uye hunhu hwavanazvo, kune akasiyana marudzi.
Bvudzi hygrometer
Rudzi urwu rwe hygrometer inozivikanwa sey hygroscope. Kushanda kwayo kwakanyanya. Inosanganisira kubatana neboka rebvudzi rakarongedzwa muchimiro chetambo. Vhudzi rinopindura shanduko dzakasiyana muhunyoro dzinonyoreswa mumhepo nekumonyoroka kana kusamonereka. Kana izvi zvikaitika, tsono inoitwa iyo inoratidza huwandu hwehunyoro munzvimbo, asi isingakwanise kuiratidza muzvikamu. Naizvozvo, haigone kuyera hunyoro hushoma.
Kubvisa hygrometer
Rudzi rwe hygrometer runoshanda pachishandiswa imwe hygroscopic chemakemikari zvinhu zvine kugona kutora kana kuburitsa mwando kubva kune zvakatipoteredza, zvinoenderana nezviripo. Zvinhu zveHygroscopic ndizvo zvinosungira kumadonhwe emvura uye ndizvo zvinoita mvura.
Electric hygrometer
Inoshanda nemaviri evhinga maronda ma electrode. Pakati pema electrode maviri pane tishu rakaiswa mu lithiamu chloride yakasanganiswa nemvura. Kana kuchinjanisa magetsi kuchishandiswa kuma electrode, munyama unodziyiswa uye imwe yemvura inosanganiswa ne lithiamu chloride inoputika.
Pane imwe tembiricha inosimbisa chiyero pakati peuwandu hwemvura hunopwa nekupisa machira uye izvo zvinoiswa nehunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza, sezvo iri padyo ne lithiamu chloride, chinhu chakanyanyisa. Sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu paanochinja, mwero wehunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza unosimbiswa nemazvo zvakanyanya.
Kugadzirisa hygrometer
Iyi mita inoshandiswa kuona huwandu hwemhepo hunyoro mumhepo. Kuti uite izvi, inoshandisa iyo tembiricha iyo iyo yakasvibiswa nzvimbo inoshatisa zvichikonzera iyo tembiricha kudzikiswa zvakagadzirwa.
Dhijitari mahedhiyo
Iwo ndeechizvino-zvino aripo uye anoshandisa macircuit emagetsi kushandura iwo madiki emagetsi misiyano anokonzerwa nekusiyana kwezvimwe zvinhu zvemuviri kuita manhamba anoratidzwa pachiratidziri. Mimwe mienzaniso yema hygrometer anoshandisa zvimwe zvinhu zvine chivakwa chakakosha iyo inoshandura ruvara zvichienderana neyakaipisisa mwando. Naizvozvi ivo vanokwanisa kuwana chaiwo chaiwo mwando zviyero.
Sezvauri kuona, iyo hygrometer ine akawanda mashandisiro mune meteorology uye kwete chete mairi, asi muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva-hwemazhinji maindasitiri, dzimba nezvivakwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive iyo yekunze humidity uye chii chiri nani pane kushandisa hygrometer kuyera iyo.