Horsehead Nebula

Muchadenga mune mamiriyoni ezvinhu zvinoumba chisiko chapose pose, uye vazivi vemitumbi yomuchadenga vane mutoro wokucherechedza chinhu chimwe nechimwe kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vazive zita racho, maumbirwo acho, maumbirwo acho, pesvedzero, uye chikonzero chacho. Chimwe chezvinhu izvi ndeye horsehead nebula. Inebula ine chimiro chakati chakakosha.

Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve Horsehead Nebula, maitiro ayo, mavambo uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Meaning

The Horsehead Nebula yakatanga kuzivikanwa saBarnard 33, iri muboka renyeredzi reOrion, makore angangoita 1.600 chiedza-makore kubva paNyika, igore rakasviba zvikuru, rinotonhora regasi, 3,5 light-years kuyambuka, rakatanga kuoneka muna 1919 mabhuku nemabhuku eAmerica nenyanzvi yenyeredzi Edward Emerson.

Iyi nebula chikamu cheOrion Molecular Cloud Complex, uye kunyangwe yakasviba muruvara, inoonekwa mukusiyana kwakafumurwa nekuda kwenzvimbo yairi pamberi peimwe nebula ine mwaranzi uye emission mhedzisiro yakapararira ine tsvuku tsvuku.

Chimiro charo-musoro webhiza chakafanana nekugadzirwa kwegore mumhepo yePasi, uye inogona kuchinja chimiro chayo kwezviuru zvemakore-chiedza.

Kuwanikwa kweHorsehead Nebula

Kuwanikwa uku kwakaitwa pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 1888, chaizvo muna XNUMX. apo muongorori wenyeredzi wekuScotland Williamina Stevens weHardvar College Observatory yakashandisa ndiro yemifananidzo yaisanganisira ndiro yegirazi yakavharwa nekatetepa ine photosensitive layer, yakakurumidza kuzviwana pamusika wemafirimu. Nekusagadzikana kushoma uye zvimwe zvakanakira. Panguva iyoyo, tekinoroji yaidiwa pamateresikopu yakanga isati yavapo.

Maererano nehupenyu hwake, munyori wekuwanikwa pakutanga akashanda semubatsiri paHardwar Observatory, achiita masvomhu, basa rehofisi, nezvimwewo, achiita mabasa emubatsiri mukuru wesangano.

Kunyange pasina chero dhigirii mune zvenyeredzi, akanga ari munyori wezviwanwa zvakawanda zvomudenga zvakatungamirira kukugadzirwa kwemabhuku enyeredzi. Aive nebasa rekugadzirisa sisitimu yekugovera mavara kune nyeredzi zvichienderana neiyo hydrogen zvirimo mune yavo spectra. Zvadaro, pazera remakore 30, akazvipira kuongorora mamiriro enyeredzi.

Munguva iyoyo, Stevens akawana 59 gaseous nebulae, pamwe nekusiyana uye nova nyeredzi, kusvika kuHorsehead Nebula, zvichimuwanira zita remuchengeti weHardvar Archive yeAstrophotography. Basa rake rinomira pachena, sezvo akanga ari mumwe wevakadzi vekutanga kushanda zvakakwana munharaunda yezvenyeredzi, iyo yaakagamuchira Guadalupe Almendaro Medal kubva kuMexican Astronomical Society.

Bhandi reOrion

Mune rudzi urwu rwechinyorwa zvinodikanwa kutsanangura mamwe mazwi anowanzoshandiswa mune zvenyeredzi, ayo anokodzera chikamu chakasiyana chekunzwisisa zviri nani nemuverengi. Pachiitiko ichi tinopinda musoro weBelt reOrion, hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kweboka renyeredzi dzinoratidzika kunge dzakarongwa muchimiro chejometri kubva kuNyika.

Orion inyeredzi nhatu dzakajeka kwazvo dzinozivikanwa mutsika dzakakurumbira seVatatu Marys kana Varume Vatatu Vakachenjera, asi mazita avo esainzi ari Alnitak, Alnilam uye Mintaka, uye anocherechedzwa kubva muna Mbudzi kusvika pakupera kwaMay.

Zvinoumba Horsehead Nebula

Musoro weHorsehead Nebula wakakurumbira unomiririra gore rakasviba, risina kupenya reguruva negasi, rondedzero yaro yakavharwa nechiedza chinobva kuIC 434 kuseri kwaro. IC 434, zvakare, inokwevera simba rayo rese kubva kune inopenya nyeredzi Sigma Orionis. Achisimuka kubva kuna amai vake vane mhute, The Horsehead Nebula chimiro chechokwadi chine simba uye rabhoritari inonakidza yefizikisi yakaoma.

Sezvo ichiwedzera munzvimbo yepakati penyeredzi yakakomberedza nebula, inouya pasi pekumanikidzwa kunotungamirira pakuumbwa kwenyeredzi dzakaderera. Pahuma yebhiza, nyeredzi yemwana yakafukidzwa zvishoma nokupenya inogona kuonekwa. Zvinhu zviduku zvitsvuku zvinopenya kuburikidza neguruva zvinomiririra zvinhu zveHerbig-Haro, izvo zvinopenya kubva kune zvinhu zvinobudiswa nemaprotostar asingaoneki. Nzvimbo yakatenderedza inewo zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana, chimwe nechimwe chine chayo chakasiyana. Iyo inopenya emission nebula muzasi kurudyi ndeye NGC 2024 (iyo Flame Nebula).

Ongororo yeInfrared yakaratidza huwandu hukuru hwenyeredzi dzichangozvarwa dzakavigwa kuseri kweguruva uye gasi reNGC 2024. Iyo yakajeka yebhuruu inoratidzira nebula kuzasi kwekurudyi kweHorsehead Nebula iNGC 2023. Interstellar dust inoratidza kuvepo kwayo nekuvhara mwenje kubva kune nyeredzi kana nebula kuseri kwadzo. Guruva rinosanganisira kunyanya kabhoni, silicon, okisijeni uye zvimwe zvinorema zvinhu. Kunyange ma organic compounds akaonekwa.

Imwe yeanopenya kwazvo anoratidza nebulae mudenga, NGC 2023 inorara kumabvazuva kweHorsehead Nebula uye inoumba bubble rakanaka kumucheto kweL1630 molecular cloud. Iyo B-mhando nyeredzi HD37903, ine tembiricha yepamusoro ye22.000 madhigirii, inokonzera kunakidzwa kweakawanda egasi neguruva mukati meNGC 2023, iri pamberi pegore remamorekuru. Chinhu chakasarudzika cheNGC 2023 kuvepo kweasina kwaakarerekera hydrogen (H2) bubble. yakatenderedza HD37903 ine radius inosvika 0,65 chiedza-makore.

Mhando dze nebulae mubhandi reOrion

Kune mana nebulae mubhandi reOrion; yekutanga iHorsehead, inoteverwa neFlame Nebula, IC-434⁵ uye Messier 78⁷.

flame nebula

Pakutanga inozivikanwa neacronym NGC2024, iinebula ine maatomu ehydrogen anogara achitorwa mifananidzo nenyeredzi Alnitkm, ichiburitsa kupenya kwakatsvukuruka kana maerekitironi asunga kumaatomu, sezvaratidzwa pazasi.

Maererano neboka revasayendisiti vari kudzidza nebula, kune zvinhu zviri pedyo nazvo zvinogona kuonekwa semapuraneti egasi, zvisinei, kucherechedzwa kweizvi kunoenderera mberi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweHubble Telescope uye zvimwe midziyo yekuyera nemazvo.

IC-434

Inogamuchira ionizing radiation kubva kune nyeredzi inonzi 48 Orionis, iyo inoita kuti iite seyakareba uye, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, inotibvumira kusiyanisa zvakaonekwa zveHorsehead Nebula. The Belt Nebula muOrion inhengo yakakosha uye inopenya yeOrion Association yakakura.

Masayendisiti akatsanangura kuti tembiricha yedunhu rino inogona kuyerwa uchishandisa akati wandei matekiniki ane radiometric masikero anobatsira kuhunhu hwaanobata nhasi muOrion Belt Nebula rekodhi rekodhi.

Mutumwa 78

Iyo inozivikanwawo seMGC 2068, inozivikanwawo sereflection nebula nekuda kwebhuruu tint inopenya mukupenya kwayo, uye. Yakawanikwa naPier Merchain muna 1780.

Nebhura rinopenya zvikuru rinoonekwa zviri nyore nechero teresikopu yemaziso, imusha wenyeredzi mbiri dzinoita basa rekuumba gore reguruva pamusoro peMessier 78, richiita kuti rionekwe. Nyeredzi mbiri idzi dzakanzi HD 38563A uye HD 38563B, zvichiteerana. Maererano nemasayendisiti anodzidza nebulae idzi, kune nhamba huru yemapuraneti asingagarwi ane zvimwe zviwanikwa zvakaparadzirwa zvakapoteredza chinhu ichi, icho chiri mumucheto wakanyanya kuruboshwe webhandi reOrion kumaodzanyemba.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Horsehead Nebula uye maitiro ayo.