Pakutanga zvaifungidzirwa kuti mapuraneti ese akatenderera pasi. Iyi dzidziso yaizivikanwa se geocentrism. Gare gare muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX rakauya Nicolaus Copernicus kufungidzira kuti raive zuva riri pakati pechadenga. Yakanga iri chikamu chepakati umo mamwe mapuraneti nenyeredzi zvakatenderera. Iyi dzidziso yaizivikanwa se heliocentrism.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve heliocentrism, hunhu hwayo uye misiyano mikuru ne geocentrism.
Hunhu hwe heliocentrism
Pakati pezana ramakore regumi nematanhatu, dzidziso yemuchadenga kana kuti heliocentrism yakataurwa naNicolaus Copernicus yaifungidzira kuti zuva ndiro riri pakati pezvose, uye mapuraneti nenyeredzi zvinotenderedza panzvimbo pePasi, sekufungidzirwa kubva muzana ramakore rechipiri AD. .
Pamberi pekuburitswa nekuparadzirwa kweCopernicus's De Revolitionibus Orbium Coelestium (PaRevolutions yeCelestial Orbs, 1543), dzidziso inozivikanwa kwazvo uye inogamuchirwa muEurope yaive dzidziso yemudzidzi wechiHellenistic Claudius Ptolemy (XNUMXnd century AD). Ptolemy akatsigira dzidziso yaAristotle yekuti pasi ndiro riri pakati pezvose zvakasikwa uye akagadzira muenzaniso wekutsanangura mafambiro akasiyana ezuva, mapuraneti nenyeredzi kutenderera nyika, zvakaburitswa mubhuku rake reAlmagest, iro rakaparadzirwa nemaArabu nemaKristu. Yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya uye kusvika muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Munyori wekutanga kutaura kuti zuva ndiro muzinda wepasi rese Aristarchus weSamos (270 BC). Akanga ari mutsvene muRaibhurari yeAlexandria. Akafungidzirawo saizi yepasi uye nhambwe iri pakati penyika nezuva. .distance. Asi iyi pfungwa yaisazokunda iya yakasimudzwa naAristotle. Pasi rakagadzwa, rakakomberedzwa nhevedzano yenzvimbo dzakaiswa zuva, mwedzi, mapuraneti nedzimwe nyeredzi. Iyi sisitimu inozogadziridzwa naClaudius Ptolemy (145 AD), mumwe mutsvene kubva kuRaibhurari yeAlexandria.
Asi isu tinofanirwa kumirira kusvika XNUMXth century, uye nebasa remupristi wePoland, nyanzvi yemasvomhu uye nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga Nicholas Copernicus, pamberi pasi rinogona kutsiviwa nezuva uye rigova pakati pechadenga. Dzidziso yemuchadenga inoisa zuva pakati pechadenga, uye Nyika, mamwe mapuraneti, nenyeredzi zvinotenderera pairi. Copernicus akafungidzirawo kuti pasi rine mhando nhatu dzekufamba: kufamba-famba kuzuva, kutenderera, uye kupoterera kwakatenderedza akabatana. Copernicus akavakira dzidziso yake pachirevo chechokwadi uye pamatafura akateerana uye kuverenga kuti afungidzire kufamba kwenyeredzi.
Mubhuku rataurwa pamusoro, Copernicus akataura zvinotevera nezve heliocentrism:
"Matunhu ese anotenderera zuva, iro riri pakati padzo dzese […] kufamba kupi kunoratidzika kunge kunoitika munzvimbo dzenyeredzi dzakatarwa hakukonzeri kufamba kwese kwekupedzisira, asi kufamba wepasi ".
Diki biography yaCopernicus
Nicolás Copernicus akaberekerwa mumhuri yakapfuma ine basa guru bhizinesi. Zvisinei, aive nherera aine makore gumi. Akatarisana nekusurukirwa, babamukuru vake vakamuchengeta. Kufurirwa kwababamunini vake kwakabatsira Copernicus kuwana budiriro huru mutsika uye zvakare kwakasimudzira kuda kwevanhu kuziva nezvese.
Muna 1491 akapinda University of Krakow achitungamirwa nasekuru vake. Zvinotendwa kuti dai Copernicus anga asina nherera, Copernicus aisazongova bhizimusi semhuri yake. Atova padanho repamusoro kuyunivhesiti, akaramba achienda kuBoli kuti apedzise kudzidziswa kwake. Akaenda kumakosi mumutemo wecanon uye akagamuchira nhungamiro kubva kuitaly humanism. Ese mafambiro etsika yenguva iyoyo aive nesimba rakasimba pakufemerwa kwake kukudziridza dzidziso yemhepo yakatungamira kuchimurenga.
Babamunini vake vakashaya muna 1512. Copernicus akaenderera mberi achishanda munzvimbo yechechi yemabhuku akafuridzirwa. Yakanga yatove muna 1507 paakatsanangura kutsanangura kwake kwekutanga kwedzidziso yemhepo. Kusiyana nezvaifungidzirwa kuti Nyika ndiyo yaive pakati peChadenga uye kuti mapuraneti ese, kusanganisira Zuva, akatenderera pairi, zvakapesana zvakafumurwa. Asi iro basa rinozopedzisira raita kuti dzidziso yake izivikanwe, PaRevolutions yeCelestial Orbs, rakaburitswa muna 1543, iro gore rakafa Copernicus nesitiroko.
Heliocentrism uye geocentrism
Mune dzidziso iyi, zvakaonekwa kuti zuva rakava sei nzvimbo yepakati pezuva uye pasi rakaritenderedza. Pamusoro peiyi dzidziso yemuchadenga, vese avo vanoongorora nyeredzi vakatanga kuburitsa nekuparadzira huwandu hukuru hwemakopi akanyorwa nemaoko echirongwa ichi. Nekuda kweiyi dzidziso, Nicholas Copernicus anoonekwa seanoshamisa nyeredzi. Tsvagurudzo dzako dzese pazvinhu zvakasikwa dzinofanirwa kunge dzakavakirwa padzidziso yekuti mapuraneti anotenderera zuva.
Basa raCopernicus rakawedzerwa kutsanangura uye kudzivirira dzidziso yezvematongerwo enyika zvakadzama. Zvisingashamisi, kufumura dzidziso inoshandura zvese zvitendero zvazvino pamusoro pezvose, inofanirwa kudzivirirwa neuchapupu hunogona kupokana nedzidziso iyi.
Mubasa, tinogona kuona kuti zvakasikwa zvine muganhu wedenderedzwa, umo mafambiro ese akakomberedza akatenderera, nekuti ndiwo ega mafambiro anokodzera chimiro chemitumbi yekudenga. Mune dzidziso yake, kupokana kwakawanda kunogona kuwanikwa nepfungwa yezvinhu zvese pamberi peiyi. Kunyangwe hazvo pasi risisiri iro repakati uye mapuraneti asisa tenderere pairi, hapana nzvimbo imwechete yakagovaniswa nemitumbi yese yekudenga muhurongwa hwayo.
Kune rimwe divi, kare geocentrism yaive ichishanda. Icho chimiro chinogadzira zvakasikwa zvine hukama nenzvimbo yePasi. Pakati pezvakataurwa zveiyi dzidziso isu tinowana:
- Pasi ndiyo nzvimbo yepakati pezvose. Ndiyo mamwe mapuraneti ari kufamba pairi.
- Pasi ipuraneti yakagadzikwa muchadenga.
- Iyo yakasarudzika uye yakasarudzika nyika kana isu tichiienzanisa neiyo yakasara yemamwe matenga ekudenga.. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti haina kufamba uye ine yakasarudzika hunhu.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve heliocentrism uye maitiro ayo.