Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba ekufema uye emwoyo kuburikidza nekuburitswa kwemagasi ane muchetura egreenhouse anoburitswa nemaindasitiri uye zvekufambisa. Mhosva yakadaro yakanyanyisa inoitika mukati guru london fog yakabudiswa mugore ra 1952. Inguva iyo mhute inosvibisa uye yakaungana nekuda kwemaitiro emuchadenga watinofanira kutevedzera uye yakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakutaurira nezvese maitiro, zvikonzero uye mhedzisiro yehute huru muLondon.
Great London Fog
Kazhinji, maguta eWestern Europe akafema mweya wakachena mumakore achangopfuura. Zvigadziriso pamusoro pekusvibiswa kwakakora kwenzvimbo dzinogara dzichireva maguta ari kuchamhembe kweChina, uko mafoto emigwagwa makumi emamita kure haaonekwe nekuda kwekupararira kwehutachiwana hwehutsi. Sangano reWorld Health Organisation rakaramba richiyambira vanhu nezve njodzi yemapapu uye chirwere chemoyo chinogara mumamiriro aya. Imwe yenyaya dzakanyanya kuzivikanwa yaive mhute muLondon muna 1952, iyo yakagadziridzwa zvakare mumwaka wekutanga weBritish series The Crown.
Pana December 5, ngwavaira yokushatisa yakaipisisa munhau yakatanga muBritish Isles. London yakarohwa nemhepo inotonhora kwemavhiki, saka kupisa dzimba nemahofisi, vaizviita nekupisa kwemarasha.
Vanhu vakanga vajaira "mhute" zvekuti havana kushamisika kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuri kuvhunga maguta mumhute yakawandisa zvekuti yakasvibiswa kupfuura zvinowanzoitika. Muchiitiko ichi, kusvibiswa kwacho kwakanga kwakakura kwazvo zvokuti kwakanga kusingabviri kuona kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwomugwagwa kuenda kune rumwe; mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumabvazuva kweLondon, tsoka hadzigone kuonekwa, maererano neBBC.
Mutori wenhau weABC akatsanangura chiitiko ichi nenzira iyi:
“Idzi mhute dzakakora, dzinenge dzakasimba dzinodya mabhazi anotangirwa netsoka nedemo muruoko; zvinodzima inzwi; izvo zvinomanikidza "mabhaisikopo" kuzivisa kune veruzhinji kuti "kuonekwa kwechidzitiro hakupfuuri mutsara wechina"; iyo inomisa, sezvakaitika December 8 apfuura, kuita kweLa Traviata nekuda kwekamwe kamwe laryngitis yetenor uye maviri sopranos uye nokuti makwaya aisakwanisa kuona baton ye maestro; iyo inopindawo mudzimba nemapapu; iyo inosvibisa fenicha uye kusviba hembe nemate, anonamira pagirazi, kumaketeni uye kumifananidzo, ndiro denda remwoyo, reasthmatic uye reavo vane machubhu ebronchi ari munhamo uye vanofa. Vanofa pasina rubatsiro, dzimwe nguva, nokuti chiremba haakwanisi kupinda ne "gumbeze" munguva, iyo inoderedza mhedziso kusvika kumayadhi maviri.
Zvikonzero zveGreat London Fog
Pamangwanani, mhute yakatanga kushanduka ruvara nekuda kwekuwanda kwesoot kubva kumachimney uye kusvibiswa kwemotokari., mamiriro ezvinhu anofanirwa kukwidziridzwa nenyaya yekuti matramu emagetsi achangobva kutsiviwa nemabhazi anofamba nedhiziri. Zvinhu izvi zvakasangana mune imwe cocktail yakauraya zviuru zvehupenyu mukati memazuva mashoma.
Kwemazuva mashanu, mhute gobvu kubva kumberi kwaitonhora kusina mhepo yakaputira nechepakati peLondon uye nzvimbo yemakiromita 20; hutsi hutema hwakanyanya kubva mukupisa hutsi hwemhando yepamusoro yakaita kuti hupfu hupfuure, hupfume nesarufa, uye hwakaburitsa zvidimbu zveasidhi yesulfuriki. Chiitiko chinonzi smog chinogadzirwa, musanganiswa wemhute uye utsi zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kuhutano.
Guta rakava bhuru rekusvibiswa kwemhepo: rakanga risingaonekwe kubva pamamita kure, pasi nendege traffic yakamira uye vanhu vaitenderera mumigwagwa vakapfeka maski kumeso. Zviitiko zveDantesque zvakanyorwa, zvakadai sevatyairi vanotyaira motokari dzavo nemisoro yavo kunze kwemahwindo, uye vakamanikidzwa kusiya motokari dzavo pakati pemugwagwa pasina kuoneka.
Marasha anga ari mafuta eLondon kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Nguva dzakapfuura apo huni dzaishandiswa kupisa mizinda nedzimba dzevanhu, sezvo masango akave mashoma nekuda kwekuvakwa kwezvikepe kana dzimba, chinhu chinokosha. Chinetso pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX rakanga riri dambudziko rezvemari iro rakatambudza Great Britain, inosungirwa kuendesa kunze marasha emhando yepamusoro, uye mamwe marasha ane sarufa yakawanda kuti ishandiswe pachayo.
basa nerufu
Nekufamba kwenguva, mhute haina kungodzikira chete, asi yakawedzera kukora. Makonzati mazhinji akamiswa nekuti utsi hwakatopinda panzvimbo yakavharwa; kusanganisira kuita kweLa Traviata paSadler's Wells Theatre yakakanzurwa nokuti dariro rakanga risingaoneki pamatumba. Vakuru vakayambirawo mhuri kuti dzisaendese vana vavo kuchikoro vachityira kuti vanorasika munzira.
Chinhu chega chisina kudzimwa nhangemutange yetsika yenyika pakati pezvikwata zveOxford neCambridge kuWimbledon. Zvechokwadi, vamhanyi vedaro refu vaifanira kupfeka masiki kuti vadzivise mapapu avo kuti asazadzwa nemagasi ane chepfu, uye vaitungamirirwa nevatongi, avo vakashevedzera kwavari kuti: "Iyi nzira, iyi!" nguva dzose.
Zvine musoro, izvi zviratidzo zvegehena zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekuparadza uye kuparwa kwemhosva: kupamba, kubirwa nekubiwa kwezvikwama nemabhegi, nekuda kwehutiziro hwakapihwa nerima. Asi chakanyanya kushamisa yaive nhamba yevakafa yakanyorwa mukati memazuva mashanu ayo mhute yakaramba ichienderera, sekuyeukwa, uye zvakazoitika: zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu zviuru gumi nezviviri vakafa, kunyanya pakati pevachangozvarwa nevakweguru, kubva kuhutachiona hwepulmonary yekumusoro kufema. turakiti, hypoxia, kana kuvharika kwenzira yekumusoro yemhepo.
Mushure memazuva mashanu mugehena rerima uye neutsi hunokuvadza, mhute huru yakasimudzwa muna Zvita 9, apo mhepo ine simba yokumadokero yakatakura makore anotyisa kubva kuLondon kuenda kuNorth Sea. Yakatarisana nenjodzi yemhoteredzo, Paramende yeBritain yakamanikidzwa kutora matanho emutemo akaomesesa kudzikamisa kushandiswa kwemafuta emaindasitiri uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mhute huru muLondon nemhedzisiro yayo.