The Atlantic Current, hombe yegungwa "conveyor belt" inotakura mvura inodziya kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa ichienda kuNorth Atlantic, iri kudzikira uye yave pedyo nekudonha, izvo zvichachinja tembiricha muEurope. Vesainzi vave nemakore vachinyevera pamusoro peizvi. Kutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano hakuna kungosimbisa kurasikirwa kwesimba mune ino ikozvino, asiwo inofanotaura kumira kamwe kamwe munguva isiri kure. Kuvharika kwacho kuchave nemhedzisiro muEurope yese, zvichikonzera kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu uye kunyudza chikamu chikuru chekondinendi muchando chisingaperi. Vesainzi vanotaura nezvazvo gulf stream kuputsika semugumisiro wakashata wemhoteredzo yepasi rose.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvekudonha kweGulf Stream.
Atlantic Current
Imwe nyanzvi yefizikisi yemuchadenga yekuComplutense University yeMadrid yakati: “Kana izvi zvangoitika, kufamba kwemvura dzinodziya dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa dzichienda kunharaunda yeNorth Atlantic kuchaguma, dzichava mvura dzinotonhorera uye dzichava netapuro pamamiriro ekunze edunhu. Maererano nekudzidza, yakabudiswa mumagazini Nature, maitiro emvura iyi "bhandi rekutakura" - rinozivikanwa seAtlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation -AMOC- yakapa zviratidzo zvakakwana kuti iri pedyo ne "kuparara kwava pedyo".
Thermohaline circulation (THC) ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru zvekutenderera kwegungwa pachiyero chepasi rose. Chaizvoizvo, ndechimwe chezvinotaridza mamiriro ekunze epasirese nekuda kwekuita kwakakosha kutora chikamu mukupisa kwepasirese. Iyo AMOC, iri mukati meiyi bhandi rekutakura, inodzora tembiricha muSouth Atlantic. "Kutenda kwazviri, Madrid ine mamiriro ekunze anodziya kupfuura New York, kunyangwe iri palatitude yakafanana", inodaro nyanzvi yefizikisi yemuchadenga.
Kushanda kwayo kunoratidzwa nemvura inodziya uye ine munyu inoyambuka kumusoro kweAtlantic Ocean, nepo imwe ikozvino inotakura mvura inotonhora uye yakadzika yakananga kumaodzanyemba. iyo inozoita chikamu chekutenderera kwe thermohaline.
Zvisinei, injini inotyaira iyi Atlantic current yakapera mukati memakore gumi apfuura, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze pachakwo kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiko kwakakonzera. "Hazvina kujeka, asi dzidziso dzakawanda dzinoratidza kunyunguduka kweGreenland sechikonzero chikuru chekudzikira uku," akadaro González. nekuti ichando chiri munzvimbo dzinotonhora dzeEurope inobvumira mafungu eAtlantic kushanda.
Izvi zvinofambirana nekuwedzera kuwanda kwemvura yepamusoro kunokonzerwa nekudzika kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichiunza hurongwa nhanho imwe pedyo nekuparara.
Kudzidza pamusoro pekudonha kweGulf Stream
Chidzidzo chacho hachina kutsanangura kuti chiitiko ichi chinogona kuitika riini, asi hazviregi kuti zvichaitika mumakumi emakore anotevera, zvichida kunyange zana remakore risati rapera. "Izvi zvingava nemigumisiro yakaipa kuEurope uye pasi rose," sezvo zvaizongoerekana "zvichinje mamiriro ekunze," vakagumisa kudaro.
Muchokwadi, mamiriro ekunze aya anoonekwa se "kunangisa kwemamiriro ekunze," zvichireva kuti kana zvangoitika, mamiriro ekunze edunhu haazombofanana zvakare.
Mhedzisiro yekudonha kweGulf Stream
Rondedzero yakanyorwa neIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ine zvipfumbamwe zvinokurudzira mamiriro ekunze izvo zviri kukanganiswa zvakanyanya kana kuti panjodzi huru yekutsakatika. Zvinhu zvipfumbamwe ndeye Arctic yegungwa ice, iyo Greenland ice sheet, sango reboreal, permafrost, iyo Atlantic ikozvino system, sainforest yeAmazon, makorari emvura inodziya, uye mazaya echando eSouthern Ocean muWest Antarctica neEast Asia. Mapoinzi ese aya akabatana, saka zvinobata munhu mumwe zvinobata mumwe.
"Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kunge akaipa kupfuura kupisa, sezvo mhedzisiro yacho inonzwika zvishoma nezvishoma, asi zvisinei iyi ishanduko yakakosha iyo icharamba iine mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe," anosimbirira. Zvikonzero zvinogona kuitika zvinosanganisira kudzikira kwemvura, denser chando chifukidziro munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeEurope, matambudziko ekurima kana mukana wepamusoro wezviitiko zvakaita semadutu akasimba.
Chii chinoitika, sekuyambira kwaGonzález Alemán, ndechekuti kunyangwe izvi zvinokonzeresa zvichipesana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusvika pamwero wakati kuenzanisa, izvi pamwe handizvo.
"Kune dzimwe nzvimbo inogona kuenzanisa zviitiko zviviri izvi, mune dzimwe inogona kuderedza mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye mune dzimwe inogona kuwedzera mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze," vanosimbirira vaongorori, avo vanosimbisa kuti mhedzisiro yekudonha kwakadaro ndeyekuti. ramangwana “rakanyanya kuoma”. "Hatizive zvese zvazvingaite, uye zvinogona kuve nezviitiko zvisingatarisike," akadaro.
Yakananga mhedzisiro paAtlantic
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti tave kusvika pachikumbaridzo chakakomba kupfuura iyo iyo circulatory system inogona kudonha. Iri basa rinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinowedzera mhedzisiro yekudziya kweAtlantic pakutenderera kwayo.
Izvi zvinosanganisira mvura yakachena inopinda kubva mukunyunguduka kweGreenland ice sheets, kunyunguduka kweaizi yegungwa, kuwedzera kunaya uye mvura yemurwizi. Mvura yakachena inoderedza tsika yekuNorth Atlantic mvura kunyura zvakadzika kubva pamusoro, imwe yevatyairi vemhirizhonga.
The Atlantic Meridional Circulation imvura yemugungwa yakakosha iyo inodzora mamiriro ekunze ePasi nekuti inotakura mvura inodziya kubva pamusoro pakakwirira, ichidziya mhepo, kunyura, uye kudzokera kuequator. Semuenzaniso, inotarisira kuSpain, iyo inofarira mamiriro ekunze akapfava zvikuru kana achienzaniswa nepasi rose palatitude yedu imwechete.
Kana Arctic ichidziya, Europe inotonhora nekuti kana mvura zhinji inotonhora uye ine munyu mushoma ikapinda muAtlantic, inocheka kuyerera kwemvura inodziya kubva kuCentral America kuenda kuEurope, izvo zvichaita kuti kupisa kwepasi rose kudonhe muWestern Europe, saka tembiricha ichaenda pamwero wakafanana newakanyorwa muNorth America palatitude imwe chete.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mhedzisiro yekudonha kweGulf Stream.