Greenhouse maturo

Iyo greenhouse mhedzisiro Icho chinhu icho anenge munhu wese akanzwa nezvacho nhasi. Vazhinji vanotaura kuti iyo greenhouse mhedzisiro iri kuwedzera tembiricha yepasi rose uye ichiwedzera mhedzisiro yeshanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Izvo zvakare zvine chekuita nekudziya kwepasi. Asi iwe unonyatso kuziva iro basa reiyo greenhouse mhedzisiro, maitikiro ayo uye zvazvinoita zvine chekuita nepasi.

Ndisati ndatsanangura kuti greenhouse inoshanda sei, ndichaita chirevo kuti iwe uverenge izvi nekukosha kwainofanira kuve nako: "Pasina greenhouse effect, hupenyu hahuzovepo nhasi sekuziva kwatinoita sezvo zvaisazogoneka". Izvo zvataurwa, ndinovimba zvine kukosha kwazvinofanirwa.

Tsanangudzo yeGreenhouse Mhedzisiro

Izvo zvinonzi "greenhouse athari" ine kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasi zvinokonzerwa nekuita kweimwe boka remagasi, mamwe acho akagadzirwa zvakanyanya nemurume, ayo anopinza infrared radiation, zvichikonzera nzvimbo yepasi uye chikamu chepazasi cheyakatenderedza denderedzwa remuchadenga kupisa. Iko nekuda kweiyi greenhouse mhedzisiro iyo hupenyu paPasi hunogoneka, nekuti, kana zvisiri izvi, avhareji tembiricha ingangove yakatenderedza -88 madhigirii.

Chii chinonzi greenhouse gases?

Iwo anonzi magreenhouse gasi kana girinihausi gasi, anokonzeresa mhedzisiro inotsanangurwa pamusoro, ndeiyi:

• Mvura mvura (H2O)
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Methane (CH4)
• Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
• Ozone (O3)
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC chakagadzirwa)

Kunyangwe hazvo ese (kunze kweCFCs) ari echisikigo, kubva kuRevolution yeIndasitiri uye zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandisa kwakasimba kwemafuta mumabasa emaindasitiri uye kutakurwa, kwave nekuwedzera kwakakura muhuwandu hwakaburitswa mudenga. Hunhu hweaya magreenhouse gasi ndeekuti chengetedza kupisaNaizvozvo, iyo yakakwira kuwanda kweaya magasi mudenga, kupisa kushoma kunogona kutiza.

Zvese zvinowedzeredzwa nekuvapo kweimwe zviitiko zvevanhu, sekutemwa kwemasango, izvo zvakaganhurira simba rekumutsiridza remuchadenga kubvisa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, chisakiso chikuru chegreenhouse effect sezvo iri iyo inoburitswa zvakanyanya nhasi.

Mvura yemvura

Mvura mvura (H2O) iri chikuru chinopa kune yakasvibirira greenhouse maitiro uye ndiyo yakabatana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze uye, nekudaro, zvishoma inodzorwa zvakanangana nezviitwa zvevanhu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kubuda kwemvura kunoenderana zvakanyanya pamusoro pekupisa kwepamusoro (izvo zvisina kunyatso kuchinjwa nebasa revanhu, kana tikatarisa nzvimbo hombe), uye nekuti mweya wemvura unopfuura nemumhepo muchadenga, zvinogara patemu imwe. mazuva mapfumbamwe.

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (CO2) inobatsira Pasi pano kuva netembiricha inogaramo, chero bedzi kusangana kwayo kuchiramba kuri mukati meimwe nhanho. Pasina kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, Nyika ingadai iri nzvimbo yechando, asi kune rimwe divi, kuwandisa kunotadzisa kubuda kwekupinda muchadenga uye zvinokonzera kunyanya kupisa kwepasi. Inobva kune zvese zvakasikwa (kufema, kuora kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, moto wesango) uye anthropogenic (kupisa kwemafuta, shanduko mukushandiswa kwepasi (kunyanya kutemwa kwemiti), kupisa biomass, zviitiko zveindasitiri, nezvimwe.

Nyaya inoenderana:

NASA inogadzira vhidhiyo inoratidza iyo carbon dioxide yepasi

Methane

Icho chinhu chinoitika muchimiro chegesi pane chaiwo tembiricha uye kumanikidza. Haina ruvara uye haigadzirisike mumvura muchikamu chayo chemvura. 60% yeinobuda pasirese ndezve anthropogenic mavambo, kunyanya kubva kurima uye zvimwe zviitiko zvevanhu. Kunyangwe ichitangirawo kubva mukuora kwemarara, zvisikwa, kuburitswa kwemafuta, nezvimwewo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu pasina oxygen.

Nitrogen oxides

Nitrogen oxides (NOX) ari gaseous nitrogen uye okisijeni makomputa anoumba mu kupisa neoxygen yakawandisa uye kwakanyanya kupisa. Vanoburitswa mumhepo kubva mumotokari kuneta (kunyanya dhiziri uye kutsva-kupisa), kupisa kwemarasha, oiri, kana gasi rechisikigo, uye panguva dzekuita senge arc Welding, electroplating, simbi etching, uye dynamite detonation.

Ozone

Ozone (O3), pane ambient tembiricha uye kumanikidza, iri isina ruvara gasi ine pungent hwema, iyo mune yakakura kuwanda inogona kuita bhuruu. Chinhu chayo chikuru ndechekuti yakasimba kwazvo, iri kunyanya kuzivikanwa nebasa rakakosha rainoita mumhepo. Stratospheric ozone inoshanda sefirita iyo hairegi kupfuura inokuvadza UV mwaranzi pamusoro penyika. Nekudaro, kana ozone iripo munzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo yemuchadenga (troposphere), inogona kukonzera, mukukwana kwakaringana, kukuvara kune zvinomera.

CFCs

Chlorofluorocarbons, inozivikanwawo seCFCs, inotorwa kubva kumahydrocarbon uye, nekuda kwekusimba kwavo kwemakemikari epanyama, ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya seanotonhora, ekudzimisa vamiririri uye anopuruzira maaerosol. Kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwema chlorofluorocarbon kwakarambidzwa ne Montreal protocol, nekuti ivo vanorwisa ozone rukoko kuburikidza nephotochemical reaction. Imwe toni yeCFC ichaburitsa kudziya kwepasirese mumakore zana mushure mekubuda mumhepo zvakaenzana ne4000 times chikamu chakafanana chekabhoni dhayokisaidhi (CO2).

Mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwe greenhouse maitiro

Sezvatatoona, iyo greenhouse mhedzisiro haisi "yakaipa" mune ino firimu, asi inofambira mberi inowedzera. Sezvo zviitiko zvevanhu zvinowedzera, tiri kuona kuti gasi inokanganisa gasi inowedzera sei uye sei nguva imwe neimwe wedzera zvimwe avhareji tembiricha yepasi. Izvi zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kwazvo kune zvakatipoteredza pamwe nevanhu uye nemararamiro avo

Mhedzisiro iyo greenhouse mhedzisiro inogona kukonzera ndeiyi:

• Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepakati kwepasi.
• Kuwedzera kusanaya kwemvura mune dzimwe nzvimbo uye mafashama mune dzimwe.
• Kuwedzera kwepamusoro kwedutu kuumbwa.
• Iko kusungunuka kunofambira mberi kweye polar caps, pamwe nekukwira kunotevera mumatanho egungwa.
• Kuwedzera kwekunaya pamatanho epuraneti (kuchanaya mazuva mashoma uye nerwizi zvakanyanya).
• Wedzera muhuwandu hwemazuva anopisa, akashandurwa kuita mafungu ekupisa.
• Kuparadza kwenzvimbo.

Nechangobva kusainwa Chibvumirano cheParis nyika dzakazvibvumidza dziri kuronga kudzikisa gasi rinokanganisa kupisa mumhepo, kuitira kuti dzibatsire kudzikisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Masayendisiti enharaunda akaita ongororo dzinoverengeka umo zvakagumisirwa kuti kana tembiricha yepasirese yepasi ichiwedzera neanopfuura maviri madigiri Celsius, mhedzisiro yacho haigadzirisike. Ndokusaka vakagadza yakakwira CO2 kusangana pasi pa400 ppm. Parizvino, kusangana uku kwakapfuura makore maviri akateedzana.

Mhedzisiro yakaipa yemagreenhouse gases pavanhu

NO2 inogona kukonzeresa hutano nehupenyu hwevanhu nekukonzera kutsamwa kumumhino mucosa uye nekukuvadza mweya wekufema nekupinda munzvimbo dzakadzika dzemapapu, uye nekubatsira mukuumbwa kwe acid mvura.

Kune chikamu chayo, SO2 inobata nemvura yemuchadenga kuti ibudise mvura inonaya, inoshatisa mamasi nemaziso uye inokonzera kukosora painofemerwa. Mvura ine acid inogona zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro isina kunangana pahutano, sezvo mvura ine acidified inogona kuputsa simbi uye zvinhu zvine chepfu kubva muivhu, matombo, makoti nemapaipi uye wozozvitakura kuenda kumasisitimu emvura yekunwa anoshandiswa nevanhu, zvichikonzera kudhakwa.

Acid mvura

Mhedzisiro huru yemagesi aya pane zvakasikwa nharaunda iine acid inonaya. Izvo zvinoshamisa zveasidhi mvura (kusanganisira zvakare sinou, fog uye acid dova) zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa pane zvakatipoteredza, nekuti haingokanganisa mhando yemvura, asiwo ivhu, zvisikwa uye, nekudaro, zvakanyanya kune zvinomera. Imwe mhedzisiro yemvura inonaya iac acid ndiko kuwedzera kwe acidity yemvura nyowani uye semhedzisiro kuwedzera kwesimbi inorema ine chepfu iyo inokonzeresa kudonhedza ngetani dzinobata uye nzira yekubereka yehove, ichipa mhosva nzizi nemadhamu kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvisingaite mumhuka dzadzo.

Acid mvura zvakare ine mhedzisiro yakaipa mukati memaguta nharaunda, kune rimwe divi, kuparara kwezvivakwa, kudzikiswa kwematombo emachedhedral nezvimwe zvivakwa zvekare uye, kune rimwe divi, madiro ehurongwa hwekufema muvanhu, zvatotaurwa. .

Nyaya inoenderana:

Chii chinonzi acid mvura?

Photochemical utsi

Imwe mhedzisiro yemaacid gasi chiitiko chinozivikanwa seutsi; inova anglicism inoumbwa kubva mubatanidzwa wemazwi utsi (chiutsi) nemhute (mhute) chimiro chekusvibisa mweya chakatangira mukubatanidzwa kwehutsi kupinda mhute (kubva kune imwe aerosol kuenda kune imwe aerosol). Grey chiutsi kana maindasitiri utsi ndiko kusvibiswa kwemweya kunogadzirwa ne chin'ai nesarufa. Kunobva sosi yakasvibisa inosvibisa grey smog ndiko kupisa marasha, uko kunogona kuve kwakanyanya nesarufa. Kune fotogochemical smog yakabva kuzvinhu zvine nitrogen uye mota inopisa mwoto, yakasanganiswa pasi pemhedzisiro yemagetsi ezuva anoburitsa ozone gasi, iyo ine huturu hwakanyanya.

Chii chatingaite kudzora kupisa kwe greenhouse?

Kubuda kwemweya kunofanirwa kudzorwa pamatanho maviri akasiyana, zvichienderana nekuti anoreva here kuburitsa mumotokari kana indasitiri iyi.

Marori uye injini dzemotokari chinhu chakakosha kwazvo sosi idzi dzinosvibisa. Kuti udzikise chisi, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zvese nzira dzekudzivirira nekuchenesa magasi anoburitswa neinjini asati aburitswa mudenga. Iwe unogona kubatsira kudzikisa iyo greenhouse maitiro nezviyero zvinotevera:

• Shandisa zvimwe zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, kuchovha bhasikoro kana kufamba.
• Shandisa mainjini ane hunyanzvi-hunosvibisa matekinoroji, semuenzaniso, injini dzinotsiva mafuta azvino nemafuta mashoma anosvibisa, semuenzaniso, gasi rechisikigo, doro, hydrogen kana magetsi.
• Natsiridza kushanda kweinjini kuitira kuti mamwe makiromita agone kuitwa nemalita mashoma emafuta.
• Chinja injini kuitira kuti mweya wayo uderere.
• Wedzera mwero nemitero inofanirwa kubhadhara zvakanyanya zvinosvibisa mota uye kukurudzira shanduko yavo kune nyowani. Izvi zvinokurudzira vagadziri vemotokari kudzikisira mweya uye kukurudzira vatengi kutenga mota dzakachena.
• Gadzira nzvimbo dzevanofamba-famba mumaguta nzvimbo uye, kazhinji, kudzora kutenderera kwemota dzega mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemaguta.

Nezve izvi iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve izvi zvinoita kuti tirambe tiri vapenyu asi zvakakoshawo kuti uzvichengetedze zvakaenzana zvakakwana kuitira kuti kuwedzera kwacho kusakonzere nenjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze.