Geoengineering

Tinoziva kuti rimwe rematambudziko makuru akatarisana nevanhu muzana rino ramakore kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuwedzera kweavhareji yetembiricha yepasi rose kuri kukonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rese. Mhedzisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu inogona kuve yakashata uye inofanirwa kudzivirirwa chero ipi zvayo. Nokuda kweizvi, yakagadzira geoengineering. Vanhu vazhinji havazive chinonzi geoengineering kana kuti chii chiri kuedza kuita.

Naizvozvo, munyaya ino tichakuudza kuti geoengineering chii, chii hunhu hwayo, zvinangwa uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Chii chinonzi geoengineering

Geoengineering inoreva seti yetekinoroji yakagadzirirwa kupindira kwemamiriro ekunze mukuyedza "kugadzirisa" shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Ichi chirango chinoshuvira kuve tekinoroji pachiyero chepuraneti.

Sainzi parizvino yakatarisana nematambudziko maviri: kutora carbon dioxide kubva mumhepo kuitira kuti mhepo ivhare kupisa kushoma, uye kuratidza chiedza chezuva chakawanda kuitira kuti Nyika itore kupisa kushoma.

Ichi chirango chiri kusimukira chakatotungamira vamwe vaongorori kuti vaongorore, kuburikidza nemakomputa simulations kana diki-mwero murabhoritari kuyedza, mipiro ichaunzwa nekuvandudzwa kwegeoengineering, pamwe nenjodzi dzaungaunza.

Mubasa iri minda yeruzivo rweinjiniya, geography uye sainzi yekombuta zvakabatanidzwa, saka Isayenzi yakagara ichikakavadzana maererano nehukuru hwekupindira kwayo.

Mhando huru

Imwe yemabheti ane njodzi pakatarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ndeye geoengineering, pfungwa inosanganisa akasiyana matipi mazano ekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze epasirese kugadzirisa zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvemhirizhonga yemamiriro ekunze. Iine njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, dzemagariro uye dzezvematongerwo enyika, asi njodzi huru iripo ndeyekuti inova chikonzero chekusaita mamiriro ekunze: inoshandiswa sechikonzero chekuenderera mberi uye kuwedzera kwekubuda kwegreenhouse gasi (GHG), uye anovimbisa kuti mune ramangwana kuchava nehunyanzvi hwekuzvibvisa kana kuderedza tembiricha.

Icho chivimbiso chisina chinhu, sezvo ruzhinji rwemazano aya ari edzidziso chete, uye mashoma akagadziridzwa zvishoma mukuita ma prototypes, kana asingashande nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Hazvina mhosva kuti ivo vachakudziridzwa pachiyero chekutengeserana kana pachiyero chikuru chepasirese kuti zvive nemhedzisiro yakakura pakudziya.

Nekudaro, zvikumbiro zve geoengineering zvinokwezva zvakanyanya kune anosvibisa maindasitiri anobatsira mukukwira kwegreenhouse gasi kubuda, senge fossil simba, migodhi, zvekufambisa, mota, bhizinesi rekurima, nezvimwewo, uye kune nyika dzakatambira dzemakambani makuru anotonga maindasitiri aya. Vanoratidzika seyekufungidzira tekinoroji "kugadzirisa" iyo inogona kubvumira zviitiko zvinosvibisa kuti zvienderere mberi pasina kutarisana neshanduko dzakakosha dzinodiwa mukugadzira nekushandisa maitiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, inovhura zviwanikwa zvitsva uye mikana yekutengeserana, kusimudzira uye kubvisa.

Chaizvoizvo, ivo inzira yekugadzira musika mukuru wepasi rose wenhapwa: zvikonzero zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zviri kuramba zvichienderera mberi, saka dambudziko remamiriro ekunze riri kuramba richiwedzera, saka kutengesa matekinoroji ekudzora zviratidzo, kana zvikashanda, zvinovhura nyika iyo, kana yangotanga, haigone kubatwa, inonyanya kubhadharwa nenyika. Kusundidzira kweanorasisa "net zero" pfungwa yekubvisa emissions pane kudzideredza ipuratifomu ye geoengineering se "gadziriso" yetekinoroji.

Geoengineering mazano

Nzira dzeGeoengineering dzinowanzowira muzvikamu zvitatu zvakafara: idzo dzakagadzirirwa kubvisa carbon dioxide; izvo zvinoyedza kuratidza chikamu chemwaranzi yezuva munzvimbo yekudzikisa tembiricha uye iyo yekugadziriswa kwemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo, kukonzera kana kudzivirira kunaya, chimvuramabwe, nezvimwe.

Parizvino pane akatenderedza 25-30 geoengineering mazano muzvikamu zvitatu izvi., iyo inokurudzira kushandura zvisikwa zvepasi, zvemugungwa uye/kana zvemuchadenga. Nekudaro, hapana kana mumwe wavo anoedza kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa zvikonzero zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, asi kugadzirisa zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvayo.

Pakati peakarongwa matekinoroji pane mamwe ayo kurudzira kubaya majekiseni esulfate kana mamwe makemikari mu stratosphere kudzivirira chiedza chezuva, nokudaro kuderedza mwaranzi inosvika paNyika; kuchenesa kana kupenyesa makore egungwa kuitira kuti aratidze chiedza chezuva chakawanda kudzokera muchadenga; kugadzira zvivako zvekutora carbon dioxide kubva mumhepo uye kuiviga mumatsime emafuta kana mamwe maumbirwo ejoloji panyika uye mumakungwa; kuisa fetereza mumakungwa nesimbi kana kuti urea kukurudzira kukura nokukurumidza kweplankton netarisiro yokuti ichatora carbon dioxide yakawanda uye yoishandura kuti inyure pasi pegungwa; kushandura kemikari yemakungwa nematombo akapwanyika kuti aite alkaline yakawanda; uye kudyara miti mikuru kana zvirimwa zvakachinjwa magene zvinonzi zvinotora kabhoni yakawanda kana kuratidza chiedza chezuva.

Inogona kubatsira chaizvo kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze?

Kusvika kure zvinonyanya kutaurwa ndezviya zvine chekuita nekubvisa kabhoni uye kuchengetedza. Carbon kubatwa uye kuchengetedza (CCS kana CCS), nzira yekare yeindasitiri yemafuta yaishandiswa kuwana yakadzika hydrocarbon reserves, zvinoshamisa inobvisa mamwe mafuta, izvo zvinotungamira kune yakawanda greenhouse gasi kubuda.

Zvikumbiro zvichibva pane tekinoroji iyi, senge bioenergy ine kabhoni kubatwa uye kuchengetedza (BECAC kana BECCS), zvinosanganisira kurima minda mikuru yemiti kana zvirimwa uye wobva watema/kupisa kugadzira "bioenergy", inozosanganiswa neCCS kubata kabhoni. kubva kugadzirwa. Saizvozvo, yakananga kubatwa kwemhepo (yakapfupikiswa DAC kana DAC) inoshandisa, semuenzaniso, makuru fan unit kusefa mhepo uye kuparadzanisa CO2 nemakemikari zvinonyungudutsa, ipapo maCCC anoviga kabhoni kana kuishandisa zvakare kune zvakasiyana zvigadzirwa, kuti zvitore nguva refu Nokukurumidza kana gare gare CO2 ichadzokera kumhepo, saka haifaniri kunzi "kuchengetedza." Iyo fossil fuel industry inofarira kwazvo matekinoroji ese uye inoita kuwanda kwekudyara muzvirongwa izvi.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanotsigira geoengineering vakaedza kuzvibvisa kubva paizwi rekuti "geoengineering," kungave nekukurudzira tekinoroji chete kana nekutaura kuti tekinoroji yekubvisa kabhoni dioxide yakasiyana zvakanyanya nesolar geoengineering technologies zvekuti inofanirwa kutariswa zvakasiyana. Nepo matekinoroji aya akanyatsosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, izvo zvavana vese zvakafanana ndezvekuti vese vanokurudzira hukuru-hukuru hwetekinoroji kutonga kwemamiriro ekunze.

mazita avo ega inzira yekudzivisa kutariswa kwehukuru hwayo hwedunhu kana hwepasirese, kudzivisa kuongororwa kunodiwa kwemigumisiro ye synergistic inomuka kubva mukushandiswa panguva imwe chete yeakawanda eiyi tekinoroji, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, kudzivirira nharaunda uye ruzhinji rweruzhinji, kubva pakutanga chaipo kuona kuti aya matekinoroji ane njodzi.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve geoengineering uye maitiro ayo.