fjords

Mhando yekuumbwa kwe geological yatinogona kuwana pasi rese ndeye fjords. Iwo enzvimbo maficha ane U-akaumbwa uye anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana papasi seAlaska, mahombekombe eIceland kana Chile. Kuumbwa kwayo kunokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze geological. Iwo akakosha zvikuru mukudzidza kwe landscape modelling.

Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve fjords, maitiro avo uye kukosha.

chii chinonzi fjords

Fjords mipata yakavezwa nekukukurwa kwe glacial, iyo inozopindirwa uye yakazadzwa nemvura yegungwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mafjords anowanikwa pamahombekombe edzimwe nzvimbo dzinopfuura madhigirii makumi mana. latitude kuchamhembe kwehemisphere uye 50 madhigirii latitude kuchamhembe kwehemisphere.

Fjords inoumbwa nekuda kwendimi dzeaizi dzanga dzichitevedzera mamiriro enzvimbo nekuti mvura iri pazasi-zero tembiricha yakagadzira makatsemuka makuru mumatombo, saka iyi geographical chimiro kazhinji ine kudzika hukuru, kutopfuura mvura yegungwa yaakanyudza. iyo, 1.300 metres.

Nezve etymology, izwi rekuti fjord rinobva paizwi rekuti "fjord" (fjǫrðr), izwi rechiScandinavia rinoreva kuti "unogona kuenda mberi uchitenderedza nzvimbo", nekuti kune maVikings aya matsime akabatanidza gungwa nemataundi avo uye akavabvumira kufamba. kusvikira vawana nzvimbo itsva.

Fjords inogadzirwa sei?

Yakagadzirwa mabhiriyoni emakore apfuura, Iyo fjord yakapona makore akati wandei echando, uye kubva ipapo ndimi dzeaizi dzakagadzira nzvimbo sezvatinoiziva nhasi. MaFjords anoumba uko mazaya echando anocheka makoronga pazasi pegungwa obva adzika zvakare, achirasa mashanga akaiswa ayo anowanzo dzikatidza kudzika kwechokwadi kwefjord. Panguva iyoyo, fjord yakaumbwa apo mwero wegungwa wakanga wakaderera zvikuru kupfuura zvauri nhasi. Pakanyunguduka chando, mvura yegungwa yakakwira kupfuura mamita 100, zvichiita kuti mupata wakaita U-ufashame.

Naizvozvo, mumafjords kwatinowana muromo werwizi Scoresby Sund: hazvibviri kuwana mhuka dzemugungwa umo munyu wepamusoro wakaderera, nepo nzvimbo dzakaderera dziri kumusha kune zvipenyu zvakaita sehove dzepelagic.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, fjords haina mvura yemunyu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuungana kwesediment kwakaiswa nerurimi rweaizi kwakavhara nzira yekumvura yegungwa.

Ndeipi fjord yakakura kwazvo munyika?

Zvino zvaunoziva kuti mafjords chii uye kuti akaumbwa sei, inguva yekutaura nezvemimwe mienzaniso ichakubatsira iwe kunzwisisa rudzi urwu rwenyika. Kana tikataura nezve fjords, unogona pakarepo kufunga nezveNorway. Saizvozvo, mhenderekedzo yayo yekumadokero imusha kune anopfuura 1.000 fjords. Iri pano, munyika yeScandinavia, kwatinogona kuwana iyo yakareba kwazvo muNorway uye yechipiri pakukura pasirese, iyo Sognefjord kana Sognefjord.

Inowanikwa mudunhu reSogn og Fjordane, Iyi fjord yakareba makiromita 204 uye mamita 1300 pasi pegungwa. Rangarira, kune izvi taifanira kuwedzera iyo 800 metres peak, ine maonero akanaka achakutorera mweya wako. Pamusoro pezvo, Sognefjord ine ruoko, iyo Nærøyfjord, yanga iri UNESCO World Heritage Site kubva 2005.

Iyo yakareba fjord pasi rose i Scoresbysson Fjord muGreenland, iyo yakareba makiromita 354 uye yakadzika kupfuura 1.500 metres. Pamusoro pekuve iyo fjord yakakura kwazvo pasirese, inoratidzwa nezvitsuwa zvakawanda, pamwe nekugara kwevanhu nenzira yemisha midiki.

Iyi ndiyo nyaya yeIttoqqortoormiit isingazivikanwe, taundi riri pamuromo wefjord rine dzimba shoma dzine mavara dzinoita kuti itaridzike yakanaka. Kunyangwe dhorobha rakazvipira kuvhima mawhale nedzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa, parizvino rinozvitsigira nekuda kwekushanya, kunyangwe kuwana dzimwe nguva kwakaoma.

Panyaya yekudzika, fjord yakakura kwazvo pasi rose iri muAntarctica. Sheldon Bay izita reiyo fjord inowanikwa munzvimbo iyi, iyo iri 1933 metres pasi pegungwa.

Nepo isu takangotaura mashoma mafjords, kune akawanda ari maviri kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba hemispheres. Saka unogona kuzviwana muNorway, Chile, Greenland, Scotland, New Zealand, Newfoundland, British Columbia, Alaska, Iceland neRussia.

Mhando huru

Hunhu hukuru hwefjord ndeiyi inotevera:

• Iwo akadzika zvakanyanya uye akafumura dombo.
• Ivo vari munzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nemazaya echando.
• Vane algae nhete inogona kuyera makiromita akati wandei.
• Muromo wayo une maoko akatevedzana anonzi matavi.
• Vane nzvimbo dzine materu nemakoronga pakati pegungwa nepamusoro pemakomo.
• Mamiriro ayo anoyevedza, izvo zvinoita kuti itarise kushanya.
• Akaita sehova rakapoteredzwa nemakomo akareba.
• Mamwe anogona kureba anopfuura makiromita 350 uye 1.500 metres kudzika.
• Mwero wemvura pakuvhurwa kazhinji wakadzikira pane yese yefjord.

Main fjords pamakondinendi ese

Europe

• norwegian fjords: Iyo inzvimbo huru yevashanyi munharaunda uye inogona kutsanangurwa semazaya echando mumakomo.
• Oslo Fjord: Inowanikwa muSkagerrak Strait kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweNorway. Iyo ingangoita 150 makiromita kureba uye inotambanudza kubva kuTorbjornskjaer lighthouse kuenda kuFaerder lighthouse, kuchamhembe kuOslo uye kumaodzanyemba kuLangesund.
• Sognefjord kana Sognefjord: Ndiyo fjord refu kwazvo munyika uye yechipiri pakukura pasirese. Pasi payo inosvika 1308 metres pasi pegungwa, pedyo nemuromo werwizi, kudzika kunotsvedza kunze, uye ipapo pasi inomuka kamwe kamwe kusvika mamita 100 pasi pegungwa.
• Lysejford Fjord: Inowanikwa muForsand, Norway uye inotorwa kubva kumatombo egranite anoonekwa pamativi ese. Yakazvarwa kubva kuchando panguva yeIce Age.

United States

• College Fjord: Iri munzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwePrince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Ine 5 tidewater glaciers, 5 Grand Canyon glaciers, uye gumi nemaviri madiki echando. Yakawanikwa panguva yerwendo rweHarriman muna 1899.
• Nassau Inzwi: nzvimbo ine mamaira mana kureba muAlaska, kumusha kune yakakurumbira Chenega Tidal Glacier. Nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwekuita kwechando mufjord iyi, inzvimbo inozivikanwa kune vakawanda kayaker nevafambisi vezvikepe.
• Quintupeu Fjord: Inowanikwa munzvimbo yeLos Lagos kumaodzanyemba kweChile. Munzvimbo iyi zvakajairika kuwana mapoka eshumba dzegungwa neshiri dzekumaodzanyemba dzakafanana nePatagonia.
• Kubva kuGros Morne: Iri kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweNewfoundland, Canada. Muna 1987, Mapako eMogao akanyorwa seUNESCO World Heritage Site.

Asia

• kubva oman: Inowanikwa muStrait yeHormuz uye ine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoshamisa, dzizere nemakomo emakomo anoumbwa apo fjord inosangana negungwa.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve fjords uye maitiro avo.