Nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera kweavhareji tembiricha yepasirese tiri kuita shanduko dzakasiyana mumhepo yemuchadenga nemakungwa. Panyaya iyi, gungwa reAtlantic Ocean riri kuyambira mabhindauko airi kuita nekuda kwekusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. The dutu muAtlantic vari kuwedzera uye pamwe chete navo kuumbwa kwechamupupuri uye mhepo ine simba remhepo.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti ndedzipi dziri kukonzera kuwedzera kwemadutu muAtlantic uye ndezvipi mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muAtlantic Ocean iri kuwedzera kupisa.
Madutu muAtlantic
The Atlantic Ocean iri yambiro. Iyi ipfupiso yekuchinja kwemaitiro emuchadenga akaonekwa mumakore achangopfuura ayo anokanganisa kuchamhembe kweMacaronesia, nzvimbo inosanganisira Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira uye zvitsuwa zverenje, uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweIberian Peninsula. Zvese zvinonongedza kumamiriro ekunze enzvimbo iyi ari kushanduka kupisa.
Kubva pakasvika nhoroondo muna 2005 yedutu rinopisa reDelta kuenda kuCanary Islands, huwandu hwemadutu emhepo anopfuura nematunhu aya. yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Aya madutu inzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze akadzikama uye haaratidze maitiro epakati-latitude dutu kana madutu ekunze atinojaira munzvimbo ino yepasi. Pane kudaro, vanoratidza hunhu hwakada kufanana nemadutu emvura anopisa anowanzo kukanganisa Caribbean kune rimwe divi reAtlantic.
Muchokwadi, izvi zviitiko zvinowedzera kufanana nemadutu ekupisa muchimiro uye zvisikwa. Zvekuti US National Hurricane Center yakawedzera kutsvagisa uye kutarisa kwemvura yedu mumakore achangopfuura, uye yakatumidza boka risingafungidzike rezviitiko izvi.
Kuwedzera madutu muAtlantic
Iyo anomaly yataurwa pamusoro yakawedzera mumakore mashanu apfuura. Tine mimwe mienzaniso yakakurumbira:
- Hurricane Alex (2016) Zvakaitika kumaodzanyemba kweAzores, anenge 1.000 km kubva kuCanary Islands. Nemhepo dzakasimba dzakasimba dzemakiromita 140 paawa, inosvika pachimiro chedutu uye inofamba nenzira isina kujairika mhiri kweNorth Atlantic. Yakave dutu rekutanga kuumbwa muna Ndira kubvira 1938.
- Hurricane Ophelia (2017), yekutanga Saffir-Simpson Chikamu 3 dutu guru kumabvazuva kweAtlantic kubvira zvinyorwa zvakatanga (1851). Ophelia akawana mhepo dzakasimba dzakasimba dzinopfuura makiromita 170 paawa.
- Hurricane Leslie (2018), dutu rekutanga kusvika pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa (100 km). Yakarova Portugal mambakwedza nemhepo inosvika makiromita 190 paawa.
- Hurricane Pablo (2019), dutu remhepo riri pedyosa rati rambovapo muEurope.
- Kufanana nemafungu ayo ekupedzisira, Tropical Storm Theta yakatyisidzira Canary Islands, makiromita mazana matatu chete kubva pazvitsuwa zvizere.
Pamusoro pezviitiko izvi, pane runyorwa rurefu runovaperekedza sezvo ivo vakanyanya hutsinye uye hunokanganisa nzvimbo dzambotaurwa. Nenzira iyi, kuwanda kwakawedzera kusvika kamwe pagore mumakore mashanu apfuura, uye kanopfuura kamwe chete mumakore maviri apfuura. 2005 isati yasvika, iyo frequency yaive imwe chete makore matatu kana mana, isingamiriri njodzi yakakura yekukanganisa.
Anomalies mumwaka wa2020
Kushaikwa uku kunoenderana nezvinoitika mumwaka wedutu kubva munaChikumi kusvika Mbudzi gore rino. Kufembera kwatove kunongedza kumwaka unoshanda kwazvo unoguma nemadutu makumi matatu, rekodhi rechokwadi. Izvi zvinoreva kuvapa mazita vachishandisa alphabet yechiGiriki, kupfuura mwaka wenhoroondo wa30.
Kune rimwe divi, mwaka unoratidzwawo nemadutu makuru anoshanda eChikamu 3 kana kupfuura. Muchokwadi, inobatana nemwaka mina yekutanga kekutanga kubvira marekodhi akatanga (1851) iyo chikamu chimwe chete cheChikamu 5 chakaitika mumwaka mishanu yakatevedzana. Iyo yekupedzisira inopindirana zvakanyanya nekufungidzira kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, madutu akanyanya kusimba zvakanyanya uye anowedzera.
Zvidzidzo zvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze
Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kuwedzera kwemadutu muAtlantic uye tropicalization yechikamu ichi chenyika kune chekuita nemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Mhinduro ndeyokuti hungu, asi tsvakurudzo yakawanda inodiwa.. Kune rimwe divi, isu tinofanirwa kuziva hukama nezviitiko zvakacherechedzwa, uye kuSpain isu hatisati tave nehunyanzvi hwekugona kuita mhando iyi yezvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi zvinoitwa kune dzimwe nyika. Chatinogona kumisa hukama hwakavakirwa pane zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi mamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze ayo anofungidzira kuti izvi zvinoitika zvinowanzoitika mumabheseni edu.
Apa ndipo patinogona kuvaka hukama, kunyange zvazvo tsvakurudzo yakawanda ichidiwa kuti tizive uye tiwedzere kunatsiridza zvakananga zvezviitiko zvemangwana kuitira kuvandudza kuronga kwekugadzirisa kune zvinotarisirwa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kunyange chiri chokwadi kuti zvinogoneka izvozvo usambosvika pakusimba kwepamusoro senge chikamu chechitatu kana chepamusoroMadutu nemadutu madiki emunzvimbo dzinopisa zvinonyanya kunetsa nekuda kwekukanganisa kwazvo kumahombekombe eUS uye zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti kuSpain isu takanga tisina kunyatsogadzirira izvi.
Chimwe chimiro chekufunga nezvacho ndechekuti vanopa kusavimbika kukuru mukufembera kwavo. Kusiyana nenzvimbo dzinopisa, uko nzira dzedutu dzinopesvedzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinofanotaurwa, sezvo madutu aya anotanga kusvika pakati pe-latitudes, anotanga kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvisingafano fungidzirwe, zvichiwedzera kusavimbika. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti mukana wekukanganisa kukuru pavanotanga kushanduka kuita madutu epakati-latitude, shanduko inozivikanwa seextratropical transition, iyo inogona kuita kuti vawedzere huwandu hwavo.
Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuti titarisewo kusava nechokwadi kunobvira mumaitiro ari muchiitiko chatiri kutaura nezvacho. Nepo shanduko dzese idzi dzichigara dzichitariswa maererano nezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo kubva muna 1851, ichokwadi kubva 1966 kuti zvinyorwa izvi. inogona kutorwa seyakasimba uye inofananidzwa seiya yenguva yedu yazvino, nokuti ndiwo mavambo ezvinobvira. Vatarise nemasatelliti. Naizvozvo, izvi zvinofanirwa kugara zvichirangarirwa kana tichiongorora mafambiro anocherechedzwa mumadutu uye madutu.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve zvikonzero zvekuwedzera kwemadutu muAtlantic.