Chii dombo

chii dombo

Pasi redu pane matombo emhando dzakasiyana. Kubva pakaumbwa nyika yedu, mamirioni akaumbwa pamusoro pemakore uye zvichienderana nehunhu, mavambo uye mavambo kune mhando dzakasiyana. Ngatitsanangurei chii dombo kubva kune iyo geological yekuona kuitira kuti unzwisise zvirinani iyo nyika yedu yakagadzirwa.

Muchinyorwa chino tichaenda kukuudza kuti dombo chii, hunhu hwaro uye ndedzipi mhando dzakasiyana dziripo.

Chii dombo

sedimentary

Matombo anoumbwa nezvicherwa kana zviyero zvemaminerari ega ega. Mumhando yekutanga, isu tine granite, uye mumaminerari, isu tine dombo munyu semuenzaniso. Kuumbwa kwedombo inzira inononoka uye inotevera maitiro akasiyana. Maererano neiyo genesis yematombo, iwo anogona kuve akapatsanurwa kuita matatu marudzi: igneous matombo, sedimentary matombo, uye metamorphic matombo. Matombo aya haagare, asi ari kugara achichinja uye achichinja. Ehezve, iwo shanduko mune geologic nguva. Mune mamwe mazwi, pamwero wevanhu, hatizoone kuumbwa nekuparadzwa kwedombo rakazara, asi ivo vane izvo zvinonzi dombo kutenderera.

Mhando dzedombo

chii dombo uye hunhu

Sedimentary matombo

Aya ndiwo mazita ematombo aya anoumbwa nekuunganidzwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvehukuru hwakasiyana, izvo zvinobva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvine matombo akaumbwa. Zvese zvikamu zvinoumba dombo zvinodaidzwa kuti ndudzi. Apa ndipo pakatangira zita rayo. Aya masese anotakurwa nevekunze geological zvinhu zvakaita semvura, chando nemhepo. Iwo matombo anoumba sedimentary matombo anotakurwa nemhando dzakasiyana dze geological zvinhu uye anoiswa mune aya anonzi sedimentary mabheseni.

Mukufamba kwekutakurwa kwenzvimbo, iwo matombo enjodzi anozoitika akasiyana epanyama uye emakemikari maitiro anonzi diagenesis. Nezita iri, isu tinoreva nzira yekuumbwa kwedombo. Mamiriro akajairika ndeyekuumbwa kwe sedimentary matombo pamahombekombe enzizi, mabhedha egungwa, nyanza, nzizi, nzizi kana makoronga. Kuumbwa kwedombo sedimentary kunoitika pamusoro pemabhirioni emakore. Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti tiongorore kwakatangira nekuumbwa kwematombo edombo, iyo geological nguva chiyero inofanirwa kutariswa.

Plutonic matombo

Tevere tinotsanangudza hunhu hukuru hwerudzi urwu rwedombo rwakaumbwa mune idzo zvambotaurwa. Iwo anowanzo kuve akaomarara uye haana maburi. Mavara aro akaomarara uye akaumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana. Ivo vakasiyana kwazvo nekuti tinogona kuwana akasiyana emakemikari akaumbwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemagma kwavanobva.

Matombo aya akawanda kwazvo pamusoro penyika uye anoonekwa sematombo epanyika. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti aya matombo anofarira kuumbwa kwemamwe matombo. Aya marudzi ematombo anowanikwawo mumakorari epuraneti epasi, akadai seMercury, Venus, neMars, nemamwe mapuraneti makuru egasi, senge Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus uye Neptune.

Igneous matombo

Igneous matombo matombo akaumbwa nekutonhora kwemagma mukati mepasi. Iine chikamu chemvura chejasi chinonzi asthenosphere. Magma inogona kutonhodzwa mukati mekukwira kwepasi uye nemasimba kubva kuguruva repasi. Zvichienderana nekuti magma yatonhorerwa kupi, makristasi acho anoumbika nekumhanya kwakasiyana neimwe nzira kana imwe, zvichizoguma nemhando dzakasiyana, senge:

  • Granulated: Kana magma ikatonhora zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvicherwa zvikajeka, zvidimbu zvinoonekwa zvehukuru hwakafanana zvinozoonekwa.
  • Porphyry: magma inogadzirwa painotonhora panguva dzakasiyana. Pakutanga yakatanga kutonhorera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi yakazokurumidza uye nekukurumidza.
  • Vitreous. Iyo inonzi zvakare porous texture. Izvo zvinoitika kana magma inotonhora nekukurumidza. Nenzira iyi, girazi harina kuumbwa, asi rinotaridzika segirazi.

Metamorphic matombo

Iwo matombo akaumbwa kubva kune mamwe matombo. Iwo anowanzo kuve akaumbwa sedimentary matombo ayo akamboita epanyama uye emakemikari shanduko maitiro. Zviri zvejogiraidhi zvakaita sekumanikidza uye kudziya kunochinja dombo. Naizvozvo, mhando yedombo inoenderana nezvicherwa zvayinazvo uye mwero wayo wekushanduka nekuda kwenzvimbo dzenyika.

Minerals

igneous dombo

Hatigone kupedzisa kutsanangura chinonzi dombo tisingataure nezve zvicherwa. Zvicherwa zvinoumbwa neyakaomarara, yakasikwa, uye inorganic zvinhu zvinobva kune magma. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuumbwa neshanduko mune mamwe aripo uye akaumbwa zvicherwa. Yese maminera ine yakajeka kemikari chimiro, inoenderana zvizere nekuumbwa kwayo. Maumbirwo ayo maitiro anewo akasiyana hunhu hunhu.

Zvicherwa zvakaraira maatomu. Maatomu aya anozivikanwa nekuumba sero rinozvidzokorora mukati mechimiro chemukati. Aya maumbirwo anogadzira mamwe maumbirwo ejometri ayo, kunyangwe asiri anowanzoonekwa kune ziso rakashama, aripo.

Iyo yuniti sero inogadzira makristasi ayo anonamira pamwechete uye anoumba lattice kana lattice chimiro. Aya macristal-anogadzira makristasi anoenderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Inononoka kugadzirwa kwekristaro, iyo yakarairwa kwazvo ndiyo yese tudonhwe uye, nekudaro, zvirinani kuita kwekristallisation.

Maminera makristasi haana kusarudzika, asi anoumba zviyero. Kana maviri kana anopfuura makristasi achikura mundege imwechete kana axis yekuenzanisa, chicherwa chimiro chinonzi mapatya makristasi chinotariswa. Muenzaniso wemapatya ndeye crystalline rock quartz. Kana zvicherwa zvacho zvikafukidza pamusoro penzvimbo yedombo, zvinobva zvaumba clumps kana dendrites. Semuenzaniso, pyrolusite.

Pane kupesana, kana zvicherwa zvikakwenya mudombo, pakaumbwa chimiro chinonzi geodesic. Aya ma geodeics anotengeswa pasi rese nekuda kwerunako uye kushongedza. Olivine muenzaniso wakajeka we geode. Kune mamwe makuru geodeics, senge mugodhi wePulpi muAlmería.

Pane zviyero zvakasiyana zvekuronga zvicherwa. Ngatitangei neyokutanga. Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwemaminerari, anogona kuverengedzwa nenzira yakapusa. Ivo vakakamurwa kuva:

  • Simbi: Metallic mineral inogadzirwa nemagma. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyemhangura nesirivheri, limonite, magnetite, pyrite, malachite, azurite kana cinnabar.
  • Kwete-simbi. Pakati peasina-simbi, isu tine iyo silicates, ine chikuru chinhu icho silicon dioxide. Izvo zvinoumbwa nemagma asthenosphere. Iwo maminera senge olivine, ecology, talc, muscovite, quartz, mbishi shuga, uye ivhu. Tinewo zvicherwa zvemunyu, izvo zvinoumbwa kubva mumunyu unonaya kana mvura yegungwa yapwa. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuumbwa neyakagadziriswazve kwemamwe zvicherwa. Iwo maminera akaumbwa nemvura zhinji. Semuenzaniso, isu tine calcite, gypsum, magnesite, anhydrite, nezvimwe.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti dombo chii uye hunhu hwaro.


Iva wekutanga kutaura

Siya yako yekutaura

Your kero e havazobvumirwi ichibudiswa. Raida minda anozivikanwa ne *

*

*

  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako