Chii chinonzi chitubu

Munyika mune mhando dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza mvura nyowani. Imwe yacho ndeye chitubu. Mazhinji acho aionekwa senzvimbo dzinoyera mune dzimwe tsika dzekare. Kune zvitubu zvakagoverwa pasirese uye chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine hunhu hwakasiyana. Mazhinji acho ane hunhu hwakajairika uye ndiko kuti mvura yavo ine yakachena mwero.

Mune ino chinyorwa tichaenda kukudzidzisa iwe zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve zvitubu, hunhu uye mhando.

Chii chinonzi chitubu

70% yenyika ivhu mvura. Ichi chakakosha chinhu chehupenyu chinoonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye chinogoverwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo. Mvura iyi inogona kuwanikwa mumakungwa, munyanza, munzizi, uye inogona zvakare kugwamba nechando mumazaya echando. Zvisinei, mvura inovandawo muvhu, mumakomba emvura kana mumadziva epasi pevhu. Kunzwisisa aya marudzi ezvezviwanikwa kunotibatsira kuti tinzwisise kuti chii chitubu chemvura uye kuti mvura inoyerera ichibva kunobva kupi.

Mvura yematsime inouya kubva mukuyerera kwemvura ichibva pasi kana pakati pematombo uye inokwira kumusoro. Mimwe yemvura yematsime inodonha kubva kunaya, sinou, kana matombo ane igneous kuita mvura inopisa. Naizvozvo, kuyerera kwemamwe matsime kunoenderana nemwaka nemvura. zvichikonzera matsime anokonzerwa nesepeji kuti aome mukati menguva yemvura yakaderera. Pane zvinopesana, avo vane yakawanda traffic vanogona kushandiswa kugovera vagari veko. Kwakatangira mvura yematsime ndiko kunotibvumidza isu kumisikidza mhando dzakasiyana.

Hunhu hwemvura yematsime ndeyekuti yakachena zvakakwana kuti ingatariswe seyakakodzera kudyiwa nevanhu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mvura inowanikwa zvakananga kubva mudura repasi pevhu. Iyo inonzi aquifer inoita basa rekudzivirira rechisikirwo kudzivirira mvura kubva mukusvibiswa nemamwe manyuko emvura (senzizi kana makungwa).

Nekudaro, iyi mvura inoiswa pasi peyakaomeswa mhando kudzora kuti igone kudyiwa. Nezve kuburitsa uye kushambadzira kwemvura yematsime, kambani inofanirwa kunyoreswa muGeneral Kudya Hutsanana Registry inotungamirwa neAESAN (Spanish Agency for Food Safety uye Nutrition). Kunyangwe zvakadaro, Spain ichine makambani mazhinji akatsaurirwa kumvura yemabhodhoro. MuCastilla y León chete anopfuura mazana matanhatu emamirioni emarita emvura yemvura anoiswa mabhodhoro gore rega, iyo inomiririra chete 10,5% yeiyo nyika kugadzirwa.

Mhando dzematsutso

Mhando nhatu dzematsime dzinogona kusiyaniswa: zvisingaperi, zvenguva uye artesian zvitubu. Mune perennials mvura inouya kubva pakadzika pasi petafura yemvura (saturation zone), uko kuyerera kwemvura kunoitika nekuenderera.

Muchirimo chepakati nepakati mvura inoonekwa kana mwero wemvura uri padhuze nepasi pemvura yepasi; nokudaro, mvura yaro inoyerera chete kana mvura yepasi yasvika padanho repamusoro, ndiko kuti, panguva yemvura. Pakupedzisira, Artesian matsime matsime akagadzirwa nevanhu. Ivo vakavakwa semhedzisiro yekuchera matsime akadzika, uye yavo yepasi pemvura yakakwira kupfuura pasi.

Parizvino, nekuda kwezviitiko zvevanhu, kuunganidzwa kwemvura yepasi kana emvura iri kukanganiswa zvakanyanya. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemvura yepasi pasi hakuwane nguva inofanirwa kuzvimisazve, izvo zvinoshandura kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemvura inowanikwa.

Uyewo, kunyanyisa kushandiswa kwemvura yepasi zvinokanganisa zvachose kunaka kwayo. Kana aya mamiriro akaenderera, isu tingafanira kutarisa aya anokosha emvura anowoma. Nyanzvi munzvimbo ino vayambira kuti kudzikiswa kwenzvimbo dzinowanikwa pasi pevhu kuri kuita, zvichikonzera njodzi kumamirioni avanhu pasirese.

Kushandiswa kwemvura

Isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti chitubu chine hunhu hwakasarudzika hunoiita diki ecosystem ine yakakwirira yehupenyu kukosha. Ngatione kuti ndeapi mamiriro akasarudzika ari:

• Ivo vari mukati materu emakomo uye pasi pemakona kana zvivakwa zvakafanana. Marine avo anogona zvakare kuoneka pazasi.
• Izvo zvinogadzirwa apo dura repasi pevhu rinozadza semhedzisiro yekupinda mukati memvura. Iyi mvura inobva mukunaya kwemvura yakawanda munzvimbo.
• Zvitubu zvinogona kuve zvechigarire uye ephemeral zvinoenderana nemhando yenzvimbo uye dombo rinoigadzira. Dombo rinogona kusefa yakawanda kana shoma huwandu hwemvura. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kuongorora huwandu hwemvura iyo yainowana kubva kune kumutsazve tangi.
• Matsime anopisa anoonekwawo sematsime. Chinhu chakasiyana chete ndechekuti mvura inogona kupfuura madhigirii makumi mana mukutonhora.

Kuti uwane mvura kubva mutsime, maitiro ekurapa mvura anofanirwa kutanga aitwa. Kana mvura yemuchirimo yasvika pamushonga wekurapa waunganidzwa uye / kana wakatorwa kubva kune yakasikwa nharaunda, iyo nzira yekutendeuka inotanga. Kutanga, zvidimbu zvakakura zvinobviswa kuburikidza nejecha firita. Muchikamu chinotevera, mvura inopfuura nepakati pefiyoni yekabhoni, uko iyo klorini inobviswa nekumwa, zvichiita kuti mvura iwedzere kuchena. Gare gare, iyo UV maitiro akaomeswa kuisa mushonga mvura mukutsvaga kweanogona kuita tupukanana kana mabhakitiriya.

Flora nemhuka

Zvitubu haisi iyo nzvimbo ine hukuru hwakasiyana hwehupenyu. Mvura isingaperi inowanzo kuve hove dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura nyowani, kusanganisira netsiva. Dzimwe mhuka uye zvinokambaira zvinogara mairi kwenguva refu, zvipuka uye shiri dzinogona kuuya kuzonwa mvura, dzinozvizorodza kana kufudza. Zvipembenene zvakajairika munharaunda yazvo.

Zvitubu zvihombe zvinogona kutsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwemafomu ehupenyu. Vamwe, nekuda kwekusangana kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi kana zvicherwa mumvura yavo, havagone kutsigira hupenyu hwehove kana dzimwe mhuka, asi vanogona kubata mabhakitiriya uye mamwe ma microorganisms. Kana zvasvika kune zvinomera, vanogona kukomberedzwa nechero chero mhando, kusanganisira masango nenzvimbo dzehuswa, nekuti ivo havasarudzika kune biomes kana ecosystems.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chinonzi chitubu uye kukosha kwayo.