chii chinonzi orbit

chii chinonzi orbit

Kana tichitaura nezvenyeredzi, solar system nemapuraneti, tinogara tichitaura nezve orbit. Zvisinei, havasi vose vanoziva chii chinonzi orbit, yakakosha sei uye ndeapi maitiro ayo. Zvinogona kutaurwa nenzira yakapfava kuti orbit ndiyo nzira yomuchadenga uri muchadenga.

Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti orbit chii, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.

chii chinonzi orbit

solar system

Mufizikisi, orbit ndiyo nzira inotsanangurwa nechimwe chinhu chakakomberedza chimwe, uye inotenderera ichipoterera nzira iyo pasi pekuita kwesimba repakati, sesimba rinokweva remuviri wekudenga. Iyi ndiyo nzira inoteverwa nechinhu pachinofamba ichipoterera nepakati pegiravhiti pachiri kukwezvwa, chokutanga chisina kuchikanganisa, asi chisiri kure nacho zvachose.

Kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX (apo Johannes Kepler naIsaac Newton vakaumba mitemo inokosha yefizikisi inovatonga), kutenderera kwave kuri pfungwa inokosha mukunzwisisa kufamba kwechadenga, zvikurukuru maererano nekemesitiri yomudenga neyopasi.

Orbits inogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana, elliptical, denderedzwa kana yakareba, uye inogona kuita parabolic. (yakaumbwa separabola) kana hyperbolic (yakaumbwa se hyperbola). Zvisinei, imwe neimwe orbit ine zvinotevera zvitanhatu Kepler zvinhu:

  • Kurerekera kwendege ye orbital, inoratidzwa nechiratidzo i.
  • Urefu hwenodhi inokwira, inoratidzwa muchiratidzo Ω.
  • Eccentricity kana dhigirii rekutsauka kubva padenderedzwa, rinoratidzwa nechiratidzo e.
  • Semimajor axis, kana hafu yedhayamita refu, inotaridzwa nechiratidzo a.
  • Iyo perihelion kana perihelion parameter, kona kubva painokwira node kuenda kune perihelion, inoratidzwa nechiratidzo ω.
  • Chirevo chinorema chenguva, kana chidimbu chenguva yakapfuura ye orbital, uye inoratidzwa sekona, inoratidzwa nechiratidzo M0.

Hunhu uye kukosha

chii chinonzi orbit muchadenga

Iwo makuru maficha anogona kucherechedzwa mu orbit ndeaya anotevera:

  • Ane maumbirwo akasiyana, asi ese ane ovha, zvinoreva kuti dzine oval muchimiro.
  • Panyaya yemapuraneti, matenderedzwa anenge akaita denderedzwa.
  • Mu orbit, unogona kuwana zvinhu zvakasiyana senge mwedzi, mapuraneti, asteroids uye zvimwe midziyo yakagadzirwa nevanhu.
  • Mariri, zvinhu zvinogona kutenderedzana nekuda kwegiravhiti.
  • Yese inotenderera iripo ine eccentricity yayo, inova chiyero icho nzira yenzira inosiyana nedenderedzwa rakakwana.
  • Vane zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvakakosha zvinhu, zvakadai inclination, eccentricity, kureva anomaly, nodal longitude uye perihelion parameters.

Kunyanya kukosha kweiyo orbit ndeyekuti marudzi akasiyana emasatelliti anogona kuiswa mairi, ayo ari kutarisira kutarisa pasi, iyo panguva imwechete yakakosha kuwana mhinduro uye kunyatsoona nezvemamiriro ekunze, makungwa, mhepo uye mhepo. kunyange mukati menyika. pasi. Masatellite anogonawo kupa mashoko anokosha pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu zvinoitwa nevanhu, zvakadai sokutema miti, uyewo mamiriro okunze, zvakadai sokukwira kwemvura yegungwa, kukurwa kwevhu, uye kusvibiswa kwemhoteredzo yepasi.

orbit mumakemikari

Mukemesitiri, tinotaura nezvekutenderera kwemaerekitironi achifamba-famba mukati memoyo nekuda kwechaji dzakasiyana dzemagetsi dzaainadzo (maerekitironi akachajiwa zvisina kunaka, proton nenyutroni nuclei zvine chaji). Maerekitironi aya haana nzira chaidzo, asi anowanzo tsanangurwa semaobiti anonzi atomic orbitals, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwesimba raainawo.

Imwe neimwe atomic orbital inomiririrwa nenhamba nebhii. Nhamba (1, 2, 3… kusvika 7) dzinoratidza simba rinenge riri kufamba nechikamu, nepo mavara (s, p, d uye f) anoratidza chimiro chekutenderera.

Elliptical

elliptical orbit

Panzvimbo yedenderedzwa, elliptical orbit inodhirowa ellipse, denderedzwa rakati sandara, rakareba. Uyu mufananidzo, ellipse, une maviri foci, aripi mbezo dzepakati pemadenderedzwa maviri anoiumba; Uyezve, rudzi urwu rwekutenderera kune eccentricity yakakura kupfuura zero uye isingasviki imwe (0 inoenzana nedenderedzwa, 1 inoenzana neparabolic orbit).

Imwe neimwe elliptical orbit ine mapoinzi maviri anozivikanwa:

  • Inotevera. Iyo poindi munzira yekutenderera (pane imwe yeaviri foci) iri padyo nepakati pemuviri wakatenderedza orbit.
  • Kuwedzera kure. Iyo poindi panzira yeinotenderera (pane imwe yeaya maviri foci) iri kure kure nepakati vhoriyamu yenzira yakarongwa.

Solar system orbit

Kufanana nehurongwa hwemapuraneti mazhinji, nzira dzinotsanangurwa nenyeredzi dzeSolar System dzakawedzera kana kushoma elliptical. Pakati pane nyeredzi yegadziriro, zuva redu, rine simba rinokwevera rinokwevera rinofambisa mapuraneti nemakometi mukutevedzana kwawo. Parabolic kana hyperbolic orbits dzakatenderedza zuva hadzina chinongedzo chakananga kunyeredzi. Kudivi ravo, masatelliti epasi rega rega anoteedzerawo kutenderera kwepasi rega rega, sezvinoita Mwedzi nePasi.

Zvisineyi, nyeredzi dzinokwezvawo, dzichigadzira kuvhiringika kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu kunokonzeresa kuti eccentricity yenzira dzadzo isiyane nekufamba kwenguva uye nemumwe. Semuenzaniso, Mercury inyika ine eccentric orbit, pamwe nekuti iri padyo nezuva, asi Mars iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri, kure kubva kuzuva. Nekune rimwe divi, nzira dzeVenus neNeptune ndidzo dzinenge dziine eccentric.

kutenderera kwepasi

Nyika, sevavakidzani vayo, inotenderera zuva muine elliptical orbit, iyo inotora mazuva 365 (gore), iyo yatinodaidza kuti translational motion. Kutamiswa uku kunoitika pamakiromita angangoita 67.000 paawa.

Zvichakadaro, kune mana anogoneka kutenderera pasirese, senge artificial satellites:

  • Yakadzika (LEO). 200 kusvika 2.000 makiromita kubva pamusoro penyika.
  • Kureva (OEM). 2.000 kusvika 35.786 km kubva pamusoro penyika.
  • High (HEO) 35.786 kusvika 40.000 makiromita kubva pamusoro penyika.
  • Geostationary (GEO). 35.786 makiromita kubva pamusoro penyika. Iyi ndiyo orbit inoyananiswa neEquator yePasi, ine zero eccentricity, uye kune anoona paPasi, chinhu chinoratidzika chakamira mudenga.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve orbit chii uye maitiro ayo.


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako