chii chinonzi comet

Mukuongorora nyeredzi, makometi anozivikanwa semamwe marudzi ezvinhu zvinofamba zvemuchadenga, nhengo dzesolar system idzo dzinoumba mikova yenzira dzakasiyana uye nguva dzakatenderedza zuva. Mazhinji comets anouya kubva kune trans-Neptunian chinhu bhandi re clumps yezvinhu zvechando zvinozivikanwa seKuiper, kana zvakatonyanya zvakadaro, iyo Oort Cloud. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda havazivi chii chinonzi comet uye nemigumisiro ipi yainayo paNyika.

Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza kuti kometi chii, maitiro ayo, mavambo uye kukosha kwayo.

chii chinonzi comet

Makometi anoumba mikoto yakadzikama zvikuru sezvaanotenderera zuva, mazhinji achidzoka pashure pemazana kana kuti kunyange zviuru zvemakore. Mufananidzo wayo wakajairika ndewemuviri wakajeka weovha unosiya makwara kana makoma egasi reincandescent.

Iyo chete inogara ichionekwa kubva pasi pePasi ndiyo ine mukurumbira Halley's Comet. Zvisinei, kuongorora ma<em>comet, kunyanya pashure pokugadzirwa kweteresikopu, kwave kuri kunetseka nenyanzvi dzenyeredzi kubvira kare.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviratidzo zvinodzokororwa zvakadudzirwa semashura, manyuko ezvakazarurwa, kana kuti zviratidzo zvokuguma kwezera rimwe uye kutanga kwerimwe. Ngano dzakaita senyeredzi yemubhaibheri yeBheterehema inogona kunge iri tsananguro isinganzwisisike yevafambi venyeredzi ava.

marudzi emakiti

Makometi anogona kukamurwa zvichienderana nemaitiro maviri, yekutanga nhambwe yaanofamba munzira dzawo uye nemhando yenzira dzaaripo. Saka tinogona kutaura nezve:

• Short or medium period comets. Vanowanzo kubva kuKuiper Belt, 50 Astronomical Units (AU) kubva kuZuva.
• nguva refu comets. Iwo egore reOort, kanoda kusvika zana kubva kumucheto kwesolar system.

Saizvozvowo, tinogona kusiyanisa pakati peperiodic neaperiodic comets, yekare ichiva iyo inotenderera inotora makore 200 kana pasi kuti ipedze; masekonzi ayo ayo anotenderera anotanga mumakore mazana maviri. Saizvozvowo, kutenderera kwavo kunogona kuve elliptical, parabolic kana hyperbolic.

Pakupedzisira, comets dzakakamurwa muzvikamu zvinotevera zvichienderana nehukuru hwavo:

• dwarf kite Iyo dhayamita iri pakati pe0 uye 1,5 makiromita.
• Kaiti kadiki. Iyo dhayamita iri pakati pe1,5 ne3 makiromita.
• kati kite. Iyo dhayamita iri pakati pe3 uye 6 makiromita.
• kite hombe. Iyo dhayamita iri pakati pe6 ne10 makiromita.
• giant kite. Iyo dhayamita iri pakati pe10 uye 50 makiromita.
• goriyati comet. Kupfuura makiromita makumi mashanu mudhayamita.

zvikamu zvekometi

Comets inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvinonyatso siyanisa:

• Nucleus. Inoumbwa nechinhu chakasimba checomet, panowanikwa zvikamu zvayo (kazhinji ice uye inorganic compounds, kunyange zvazvo inowanzova nemararamiro emahydrocarbons), ibwe rinofamba.
• A koma. Inozivikanwawo sebvudzi, inzira yakareba-kiromita inoumbwa negasi rinobudiswa nekometi painopisa zuva, kana stardust nemarara inosiya munzira yayo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, makoma maviri akasiyana anogona kucherechedzwa:
• Iyo soda comma. Yakagadzirwa nemhute yemvura inodzingwa nemakometi, inotsigira mhiri kwemwaranzi yezuva.
• iyo huruva comma. Inoumbwa nemarara akasimba ekometsi akarembera muchadenga, kana pasi redu rapinda mumhepo yePasi, rinotanga kunaya kwemvura yemeteor apo pasi redu rinopfuura neimwe nzira yekometi.

Mhando huru

Makometi anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kazhinji asina kujairika, kubva pamakiromita mashoma kusvika kumakumi emamita padhayamita. Kuumbwa kwaro ndechimwe chezvakavanzika zvakajairika mune zvenyeredzi, zvishoma zvinogadziriswa ne kucherechedzwa kwekupedzisira kweHalley's Comet muna 1986.

Makometi ave kuzivikanwa kuti ane mvura yakawanda yakaomeswa nechando, aizi yakaoma, ammonia, methane, iron, magnesium, sodium, uye silicates. Kuumbwa kwakadai kunoratidza kuti kometi inogona kunge yaive chikamu chezvinyorwa zvakapa hupenyu paPasi.

Saizvozvowo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanogona kunge vari zvapupu zvenyama zvekuumbwa kwezuva uye vanochengeta mukati mezvakavanzika zvenyama nezvekwakabva mapuraneti uye zuva pacharo.

Mienzaniso

Mamwe emakwikwi anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya:

• Halley comet. Kutenderera kweanenge makore 76, iyo chete inooneka pamusoro penyika.
• Comet Hale-bop. Chimwe chezviitiko zvinonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro pezana remakore rechi1997, chakamutsa makuhwa asingaverengeki payakasvika pedyo nePasi muna XNUMX nekuda kwekupenya kwayo kukuru.
• Comet Borrelly. Yakatumidzwa zita remuzivi wayo, murume wechiFrench Alphonse Borrell, yakashanyirwa neUS space probe Deep Space One muna 2001.
• Comet Coggia. Huge aperiodic specimen inoonekwa neziso rakashama paNyika muna 1874. Yakashanyira pasi redu kaviri zvakare isati yaparara muna 1882.
• Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. Inozivikanwa nekukanganisa kwayo paJupiter muna 1994, takaona yekutanga kunyorwa kukanganiswa kwevatorwa munhoroondo.
• Comet Hyakutake. Yakawanikwa muna Ndira 1996, yaive padyo nePasi gore iroro: kometi yakapfuura chinhambwe chayo chepedyo mumakore mazana maviri. Inogona kuonekwa kubva kumativi ose enyika, inobudisa maX-ray akawanda uye inotora makore angangoita 200.

Halley comet

Kunyangwe iri iyo comet ine mukurumbira pasi rose, vanhu vazhinji havasati vaziva kuti chii. Icomet ine hukuru hukuru uye kupenya kwakakwana kunoonekwa kubva kuPasi uye inotendererawo zuva sepasi redu. Musiyano neruremekedzo kwaari ndewokuti nepo shanduro yedu iri gore negore, iyo yeHalley's Comet ndeye makore 76 oga oga.

Vatsvagiri vanga vachiferefeta kutenderera kwayo kubva panguva yekupedzisira iyo yaikwanisa kuonekwa kubva pasi redu, yaive muna 1986. Iyo comet yakatumidzwa kune musayendisiti akaiwana, Edmund Halley muna 1705.. Ongororo dzinoti nguva inotevera painozoonekwa panyika yedu munenge mugore ra2061, zvimwe mumwedzi waChikumi naChikunguru.

Kana iri mavambo, inofungidzirwa kuti yakaumbwa muOort Cloud, pakupera kweSolar System. Munzvimbo idzi, ma comets anotangira ane refu trajectory. Zvakadaro, Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Halley yaipfupisa nzira yayo nekuti yakanga yakabatwa nehofori hombe dzegasi dziripo muSolar System.. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei iine pfupi pfupi trajectory.

Kazhinji, makometi ese ane kapfupi trajectory anobva kuKuiper Belt uye saka bhandi iri rinonzi ndiko kwakabva Halley's Comet.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo comet uye maitiro ayo.