Venezuela ine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinonakidza dzekuongorora, imwe yacho ndiyo Catatumbo mheni muZulia, inzvimbo yakakodzera kushanyirwa sezvo iri yakasarudzika yezvisikwa zvinoshamisa paPasi. Nzvimbo iyi yave nemukurumbira munhoroondo yese.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tichazotsaurira chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvose zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro peCatatumbo mheni, maitiro ayo uye kukosha.
Chii chinonzi Catatumbo mheni?
Mheni yeCatatumbo chinhu chakasarudzika chemamiriro ekunze pasi rose chinoitika mugomba reLake Maracaibo, iro dhamu hombe muLatin America. Inosanganisira chiitiko umoiwo makuru ekudhawunirodha anogara akatariswa pasirese uye inowanzoitika kazhinji pakati paMay naNovember.
Iyo Catatumbo mheni chiitiko chinokonzerwa ne:
- Evaporation yegungwa reMaracaibo basin.
- Makomo eCordillera de Mérida anodzivirira makore kuti asafambe.
Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinokonzeresa kuwanda kwemvura munzvimbo iyi, nekuyerera kunoitika kubva manheru kusvika mambakwedza. Nguva yakanakisa yekuona chiitiko ichi mangwanani-ngwanani, sezvo ino iri nguva yekudhawunirodha kwakawanda uye nguva yakanaka yekuitora.
Nzira yekusvika kuCatatumbo mheni
Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti ungasvika sei kuCatatumbo mheni, tiri pano kuti tikuratidze nzira yaunofanira kutora, zvichienderana nokuti uri kupi, hongu.
Imwe yedzakanakisa nzira dzekusvika kuCatatumbo ndeye muzivi wenzvimbo. Nhungamiro inokurudzirwa zvikuru ndeiyi: Alan Hayden, murume akagara munzvimbo ino kwemakore 25, akadzidza, akatora mifananidzo mheni uye akatungamirira vanhu kuti vaone showo. Pasina imwezve ado, isu tiri pano kuti tikupe iwe nzira yaunofanirwa kutevera muZulia kuti usvike kunzvimbo yedzimba dzakasimba kwaunogona kuona mheni.
Yekutanga kumira kuona chiitiko chemeteorological cheCatatumbo mheni ndiyo Puerto de Concha, taundi riri mudunhu reZulia kubva uko mabhoti anoenda kunharaunda yeOlogá. Asi nokuda kwaizvozvo unofanira kufamba murwizi kwemaawa. Munguva yerwendo iwe uchakwanisa kuona nhamba huru yemarudzi emhuka, kunyanya shiri dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzimwe tsoko munzvimbo.
Kutanga
Kwakabva kuumbwa kwemheni yeCatatumbo inofanira kuwanikwa mumhepo dzekutengeserana kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero-kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kana ichipinda mukuora mwoyo uko gungwa riripo, richipokana neSierra de Perijá (muganho pakati peColombia neVenezuela) uye ichibudisa mari yakawanda. yemhepo yakaderera yemhepo iri kumaodzanyemba kwenharaunda, munzira yeCiénagas Creadas pagirazi remvura.
Nekuda kwekubuda kwemagasi eionized, kunyanya methane inogadzirwa nekuora kweiyo organic matter mumachakwi, iyo yakareruka kupfuura mweya uye inosimuka. kubonderana nemhepo dzinovhuvhuta kubva kuAndes kunokonzera madutu uye kunokonzera mheni kumakore.
Yekutanga kutaurwa kuCatatumbo mheni ndiyo epic La Dragontea naLope de Vega, yakabudiswa muna 1597, nezveNombre de Dios. Meya Diego Suárez de Amaya akakunda muparadzi wekuBritain Sir Francis Drake. Yakatsanangurwa nePrussian naturalist uye muongorori Alexander Humboldt se "kuputika kwemagetsi se phosphorescence ...", yakazotaurwa nezvayo neItaly geographer Augustin Kodazzi "sezviri pachena Sully's 'inopfuurira mheni mukati uye kumativi eYahe'".
Chidzidzo chikuru chemazuva ano chaive cheMelchor Centeno, uyo akati kwakabva mabhanan'ana nekutenderera kwakavharwa kwemhepo mudunhu iri. Pakati pa1966 na1970, musayendisiti Andrés Zavrostky, pamwe nevabatsiri kubva kuUniversidad de los Andes, vakaita nzendo nhatu kuenda kuSanta Bárbara del Zulia, uye vakagumisa kuti saiti iyi yaizove neakawanda epicenters mumachakwi eCiénagas de Juan Manuel de Aguas. National Park. Claras naAguas Negras kumadokero kweLake Maracaibo; haina kupinda mavari. Akakurudzira muna 1991 kuti chiitiko ichi chakagadzirwa nemusangano wekupisa uye kutonhora kwemhepo, asi. haana kubvisa uranium sechinobvira chisakiso chinozivikanwa navose, kunyange zvazvo iyi idi yokupedzisira isiri chimwe chinhu kunze kwokufungidzira.
Pakati pa1997 na2000, timu inotungamirwa naNelson Falcón weYunivhesiti yeCalabobo yakaita nzendo dzakawanda uye yakakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo yechiitiko mukati meCiénagas de Juan Manuel uye yakagadzira mifananidzo yekutanga yeCatatumbo mheni Physical modhi, methane yakaonekwa. . Sechimwe chezvikonzero chikuru chechiitiko ichi, kunyangwe iriwo gore remagetsi emagetsi, ichiri kuda kusimbiswa nezviyero zvakaringana mukati megore remheni.
Methane zvakare inoratidzika kunge yakabatana nemheni pamwedzi weSaturn Titan uye inoita kunge yakabatana nemamwe matunhu ekuita. akakosha emagetsi emuchadenga, senge maodzanyemba kweFlorida nepakati peAfrica. Zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso uyu, methane haibvi kubva kumachakwi eHunan chete, asiwo kubva pakatsemuka mujasi rine matombo, rakapfuma mukerogen III, chigadzirwa chine chekuita nekuwanda kwemahydrocarbons akajeka anowanikwa muLake Maracaibo basin.
Kusiyana nedzimwe fungidziro Dzakasiyana, Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wehuwandu unotarisa pafizikisi yezvakaonekwa zvinoyerera, idzidziso, kwete kungofungidzira nezve "kupesana" kwemhepo inopisa uye inotonhora, iyo inogona kutsanangura kunaya asi kwete kucherechedzwa kwechigarire uye chisina kujairika chiitiko chemagetsi.
Hapana mheni yakamboonekwa kubva muna Ndira 2010, nguva refu kwazvo isina mheni inooneka mumakore anoda kusvika zana, uye kunotyirwa kuti ingave yaenda nokusingaperi sezvo nyika iri kutambura nokusanaya kwemvura kwakakomba.. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvekuona kana zvakanyangarika zvakaratidza kuti hazvina kuparara, basa rayo harina kumira, rakanga risingachaoneki nemaziso, chaizvoizvo, kutya kwaro kwagara kusina kupera.
Pazvinoitika kakawanda
Mheni inoitika imwe nguva zuva ranyura, parinotanga kusviba kana kuti denga ratosviba, asi sekureva kwevaongorori, zvakaita semasikati nekuda kwekuenderera kwemheni. Vakati paivepo mheni dzinenge makumi maviri nesere paminiti paLake Maracaibo kwemaawa mapfumbamwe. Maererano neNASA, pazvinoitika, simba rakakwana richagadzirwa kuti rivheneke magirobhu emamiriyoni zana, uye kurova kwemheni kwemaminetsi gumi muCatatumbo kuchavhenekera South America yese, chiitiko chakatsanangurwa kakawanda muzana ramakore.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Catatumbo mheni uye maitiro ayo.