Chii chinonzi biosphere?

biosphere

Pasi redu hurongwa hwakaomesesa, mune mamirioni ehukama pakati pezvisikwa nezvisikwa. Iyo yakaoma uye yakazara zvekuti hazvigoneke kudzidza nyika Nyika seyese izere. Kuti ugone kupatsanura masisitimu akasiyana anoita Nyika, mana masisitimu akatsanangurwa. Iyo biosphere, iyo geosphere, iyo hydrosphere nemuchadenga.

Iyo geosphere inounganidza chikamu chePasi icho yakasimba mune izvo zvidimbu zvePasi matinogara zvinowanikwa uye matombo anokura. Iyo geosphere inoumbwa nematanho akati wandei.

  1. Iyo yepamusoro pevhu yePasi, iyo inowanzosiyana pakati pe500 ne1.000 metres, iyo inoumbwa nevhu uye sedimentary matombo.
  2. Iyo yepakati rukoko inoenderana nekondinendi kukanda uko mabani, mipata uye nemakomo masisitimu anowanikwa.
  3. Iyo yepazasi basalt dura umo kunowanikwa gungwa renyanza uye ine hukobvu hunosvika 10-20km.
  4. Nguo yepasi.
  5. Musimboti wepasi.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo pamusoro matanda ePasi tinya pane iyi link yatichangobva kukusiya.

Iyo mhepo ndiyo chikamu chegasi chakakomberedza Nyika. Iyo inoumbwa nemusanganiswa wegesi weNitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), uye mamwe magasi (1%). Ndiyo nzvimbo ine makore nemvura inonaya, uye kukosha kwayo ndiko zvinoita kuti nyika yedu igarike.

Mhepo yepasi
Nyaya inoenderana:
Maumbirwo emhepo yepasi

Iyo hydrosphere ndiyo chikamu chePasi chinogarwa nemvura mvura. Chikamu chemvura chiri mumakungwa, makungwa, nyanza, nzizi, pasi penzvimbo dzakatenuka, nezvimwe. Uye chikamu chakasimba ndeyemakorari makepisi, mazaya echando uye mazaya echando.

Pasi subsystems. Geosphere, hydrosphere, mhepo uye biosphere

Sezvauri kuona, yega yega chikamu chePasi chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana uye zvine basa rakakosha yehupenyu hwepasi. Asi iyo yatiri kuzotarisa pane ino chinyorwa biosphere. Chii chinonzi biosphere?

Iyo biosphere ndiyo yakazara gasi, yakasimba uye mvura nzvimbo yepasi pevhu inogarwa nehupenyu zvipenyu. Izvo zvakaumbwa zvese nenzvimbo dze lithosphere uye nenzvimbo dzeiyo hydrosphere nemuchadenga uko hupenyu hunogoneka.

Hunhu hweiyo Biosphere

Iye zvino zvauri kuziva kuti chii chinonzi biosphere, ngatione kuti ndeapi maitiro. Iyo biosphere inoumbwa neiyo nhete nhete yezvinhu zvisina kujairika zviyero. Sezvo iri system inounganidza nzvimbo dzepasi pano hupenyu huripo zvakanyanya kuoma kuisa miganho uko biosphere inotanga uye inopera. Asi zvakatonyanya kana zvishoma, iyo biosphere inokwira kusvika kumakiromita gumi pamusoro pegungwa uye nemamita gumi pasi pechinzvimbo chevhu panopinda midzi yemiti nezvinomera.

Muchikamu chegungwa, inosanganisirawo nzvimbo dzemvura yepamusoro uye nekudzika kwemakungwa kune hupenyu huripo. Kunze kweiyo biosphere uye miganho yatakatemerwa zvakanyanya, hakuna hupenyu hwepanyika.

Sekutaura kwatakaita, hupenyu mune biosphere hauratidzike seyakaenderera mberi mhuka, zvirimwa uye tupukanana (mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi) asi asi vanhu ndevemhando dzakasiyana. Aya marudzi (kusvika parizvino pane anopfuura mamirioni maviri marudzi anozivikanwa) anoparadzirwa uye anotora nzvimbo yacho zvakasiyana. Vamwe vanotama, vamwe vanokunda uye vamwe vane nharaunda uye vanochengetedza nzvimbo yavo.

Biotic uye abiotic zvinhu zveiyo biosphere

Iyo biosphere muenzaniso we system. Isu tinotsanangura nzira seiyi seti yezvinhu zvinosangana pamwe chete, uye zvakare nevamiriri vekunze, nenzira yekuti vanoita seti inochengetedza. mashandiro ari pakati. Ndokusaka iyo biosphere ichinyatso tsanangurwa sehurongwa sezvo iine seti yemhando dzinosangana pamwe chete, uyezve, dzichipindirana nezvimwe zvinhu zvisiri zveiyo biosphere, asi ndezve geosphere, mhepo uye hydrosphere. .

Kuti tive nemuenzaniso tinotendeukira kune zvakasikwa, pasi, mvura nemhepo. Hove dzinogara mu hydrosphere, asi zvakare, mune biosphere, sezvo iri kusangana nemvura yemvura uye inogara munzvimbo ine hupenyu huripo. Izvo zvinoenda kune shiri. Vanobhururuka pamusoro pegasi rakapetana pasi rinodaidzwa kuti muchadenga, asi zvakare vanogara munzvimbo dzine hupenyu hwenyika.

Naizvozvo, mune biosphere pane biotic zvinhu izvo zvinomiririrwa nenharaunda dzese dzezvipenyu zvinopindirana uye neese mamwe masisitimu epasi. Idzo nzanga dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzakagadzirwa nevagadziri, vatengi, uye vanoparara. Asi zviripo zvakare abiotic zvinhu izvo zvinodyidzana nezvipenyu. Izvo zvinhu ioksijeni, mvura, tembiricha, zuva, nezvimwe. Iyo seti yezvinhu izvi, biotic uye abiotic, zvinoumba nharaunda.

Matanho esangano muBiosphere

Mune biosphere, kazhinji, zvipenyu hazvigare zvakazvimiririra, asi kuti zvinoda kubatana nezvimwe zvipenyu uye neabiotic zvinhu. Ndokusaka, mune zvakasikwa zviripo akasiyana maseru ehurongwa. Zvichienderana nekubatana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kukura kwakaita mapoka acho, kune vanhu, nharaunda uye zvisikwa.

Population

Iyi nhanho yekurongeka inoitika mune zvakasikwa apo zvipenyu zveimwe mhando yemiti, mhuka kana zvidiki zvinosanganidzana mune yakajairika nguva nenzvimbo. Ndokunge, mhando dzakasiyana dzemiti nemhuka kugara pamwe chete munzvimbo imwechete uye vanoshandisa zviwanikwa zvakafanana kuti vararame uye vawande.

Kana uchitaura nezvehuwandu hwevanhu, nzvimbo inowanikwa mhuka uye nguva yehuwandu hwevanhu zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa, nekuti hazvigare munguva nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekushaikwa kwechikafu, kukwikwidza kana shanduko munharaunda. Nhasi, nekuita kwevanhu, huwandu hwevanhu haurarame nekuti zvinovaka muviri munzvimbo yavanogara zvakasvibiswa kana kukanganiswa.

Cat huwandu hwevanhu

Nharaunda yehupenyu

Iyo yemunharaunda nharaunda ndiyo imwe umo vaviri kana kupfuura vanhu vezvipenyu vanogara pamwe chete. Ndokunge, huwandu hwevanhu inopindirana nevamwe vanhu uye nemhoteredzo yakavapoterera. Idzi nharaunda dzehupenyu dzinosanganisira zvese huwandu hwevanhu hwezvipenyu zvemarudzi akasiyana anowirirana. Semuenzaniso, sango, dziva, nezvimwe. Iwo mienzaniso yenzvimbo dzezvakaberekwa, sezvo paine seti yehuwandu hwehove, amphibian, zvinokambaira, algae uye sedimentary microorganisms dzinobatana pamwe chete, uyezve, dzinosangana pamwe neabiotic zvinhu zvakaita semvura (mukufema), huwandu hwe mwenje uchirova dziva uye sediment.

Ecosystem

Iyo ecosystem ndiyo hombe uye yakaoma kunzwisisa chikamu chehurongwa. Mariri, nharaunda yehupenyu inopindirana neyebiotic nharaunda kuti vagadzire yakaenzana system. Isu tinotsanangura ecosystem se iyo seti yezvinhu biotic uye abiotic zvinhu zveimwe nharaunda zvinopindirana. Vanhu vakasiyana uye nharaunda dzinogara mune zvakasikwa zvinoenderana kune mumwe nemumwe uye pane abiotic zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, maamphibian anoda zvipembenene kuti zvidye, asi anodawo mvura nechiedza kuti vararame.

Iko kudyidzana pakati peiyo biotic uye abiotic nharaunda kunoitika pane dzakawanda zviitiko mune zvakasikwa. Kana zvirimwa photosynthesize, ivo vanochinjana magasi nemuchadenga. Kana mhuka ichifema, painofudza ichibva yabvisa marara ayo, nezvimwe. Uku kusangana kweiyo biotic uye abiotic nharaunda inoshandura mukuchinjana kwesimba pakati pezvinhu zvipenyu nenharaunda yazvo.

Matanho esangano. Mumwe nemumwe, huwandu, nharaunda uye ecosystem

Nekuda kwekuoma kwekudyidzana, kutsamira kwemarudzi uye mashandiro aanozadzisa, kuwedzerwa kwenzvimbo zvakaoma kwazvo kutanga. Iyo ecosystem hachisi chinhu chimwe uye chisinga tsanangurike chinoshanda chinhu asi chakaumbwa nezvidiki zvidiki zvidimbu zvine avo pachavo kudyidzana uye kwavo kuita.

Mune zvisikwa zvipenyu pane pfungwa mbiri dzine hukama hwepedyo sezvo zvipenyu zvinoenderana nazvo. Kutanga ndi Nzvimbo. Nzvimbo inogara ndipo panogara nekukura. Iyo yekugara inoumbwa neabiotic yepanyama nzvimbo iyo inogara hupenyu uye iyo biotic zvinhu kwainosangana. Nzvimbo yekugara inogona kunge yakakura sedziva kana sediki sedendere.

Mhando dzenzvimbo munzvimbo dzinogara zvipenyu

Imwe pfungwa ine chekuita nezve ecosystem ndeye iyo ecological niche. Izvi zvinotsanangura basa iro iro muviri une muhupenyu. Mune mamwe mazwi, nzira iyo iyo muviri inowirirana nebiotic uye abiotic zvinhu. Dzinogona kuve heterotrophic zvipenyu, zvinokanganisa, zvinodzora, nezvimwe. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti niche yezvakatipoteredza ibasa kana basa iro rine muviri mukati mecosystem yarinogara.

Necological niche

Sezvauri kuona, iyo biosphere sisitimu yakaoma kunzwisisa umo mune hukama hwakawanda huri kugadzirisa mamiriro ehupenyu papasi. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza ecosystems kure kusvibiswa uye kudzikisira kuti zviitiko zvedu zvikwanise kuchengetedza hukama hwese hwevanhu vapenyu. Nhengo yega yega mumamiriro ekunze inozadzisa basa rayo uye iyo seti yemabasa ndiyo inoita kuti tikwanise kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu ane hutano. Ndosaka zvichikosha kwazvo kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zvisikwa zvedu kuti tikwanise kuramba tichigara nezvakanaka kunaka kwehupenyu


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako

  1.   BRENDA TREBEJO RODRIGUEZ akadaro

    Rakanakisa ruzivo.

  2.   lizeth red akadaro

    Zvakandibatsira zvakanyanya, maita basa

  3.   Claudia akadaro

    Ndatenda neruzivo, rwakandibatsira zvakanyanya.