Ndiani Alfred Wegener?

Muchikoro chesekondari iwe unodzidza kuti makondinendi haana kumira akamira munhoroondo yeNyika. Pane kudaro, ivo vari kuramba vachifamba. Alfred wegener aive musayendisiti akapa kondinendi yekudzora dzidziso musi waNdira 6, 1921. Ichi chikumbiro chakashandura nhoroondo yesainzi sezvo yakagadzirisa pfungwa yesimba repasi. Kubva pakaitwa dzidziso iyi yekufamba kwemakondinendi, kumisikidzwa kwePasi nemakungwa zvakashandurwa zvachose.

Svika pakuziva zvakadzama biography yemurume akavandudza iyi yakakosha dzidziso uye akaunza kukakavara kwakanyanya. Verenga pamusoro kuti uzive zvimwe 🙂

Alfred Wegener uye basa rake

Wegener aive musoja mumauto eGerman, purofesa wezvemamiriro ekunze, uye mufambi wekutanga. Kunyangwe dzidziso yaakaratidza iine hukama negeology, wezvemamiriro ekunze akaziva nzira yekunyatsonzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu epakati pePasi uye nekubva pane humbowo hwesainzi. Akange achikwanisa kuenderera mberi achijekesa kutama kwemakondinendi, achivimba neuchapupu hwakasimba hwe geological.

Kwete humbowo hwe geological, asi zvipenyu, paleontological, meteorological uye geophysical. Wegener aifanirwa kuita zvakadzama zvidzidzo pane yepasi pelomagnetism. Idzi dzidzo dzakashanda senheyo yedzidziso yazvino yeplate tectonics. Ichokwadi kuti Alfred Wegener akakwanisa kugadzira dzidziso iyo makondinendi anogona kufamba. Nekudaro, iye akange asina tsananguro inogutsa yekuti simba ripi rinokwanisa kumufambisa.

Naizvozvo, mushure mezvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvinotsigirwa nedzidziso ye Continental Drift, pasi pegungwa uye yepasi paleomagnetism, ndiro tectonics yakabuda. Kusiyana nezvinozivikanwa nhasi, Alfred Wegener akafunga maererano nekufamba kwemakondinendi uye kwete kwematare etekoni. Iyi pfungwa yaive uye inoramba ichityisa sezvo, kana zvirizvo, yaizounza mhedzisiro ine njodzi mumarudzi evanhu. Uye zvakare, zvaisanganisira kushinga kwekufungidzira simba rakakura raitungamira kudzinga makondinendi ese. Kuti izvi zvakaitika nenzira iyi zvaireva kuzadzikiswa zvachose kwePasi nemakungwa mukufamba kweiyo nguva yegeological.

Kunyangwe aisakwanisa kuwana chikonzero nei makondinendi achifamba, aive nemukurumbira mukuru mukuunganidza humbowo hwese hunogona kuitika munguva yake yekumisa kufamba uku.

Nhoroondo uye kutanga

Wegener paakatanga munyika yesainzi, akafara kuongorora Greenland. Iye akange ave zvakare akwezhwa kwazvo nesainzi yaive yazvino uno: iyo Meteorology. Kare ikako, kuyera mamiriro emuchadenga anokonzera madutu mazhinji nemhepo zvaive zvakanyanya kuomarara uye zvishoma kunyatsoita. Zvakadaro, Wegener aida kupinda mune sainzi nyowani iyi. Mukugadzirira nzendo dzake kuenda kuAntarctica, akaunzwa kumapurogiramu akareba ekukwira makomo. Aiziva zvakare kugona kushandisa mashandiro emakiti nemabhaluni ekucherechedza mamiriro ekunze.

Akavandudza kugona kwake uye hunyanzvi munyika yeaeronautics, kusvika padanho rekuwana rekodhi repasi rose muna 1906, pamwechete nemukoma wake Kurt. Rekodhi yaakagadza yaive yekubhururuka kwemaawa makumi mashanu nemaviri pasina kukanganiswa. Kugadzirira uku kwese kwakabhadharwa paakasarudzwa semeteorologist kune imwe nzendo yeDanish yakananga kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGreenland. Rwendo rwacho rwakatora makore angangoita maviri.

Munguva yaWegener munguva yeGreenland, akaita zvidzidzo zvakasiyana siyana zvesainzi nezvemeteorology, geology, uye glaciology. Nekudaro, inogona kuumbwa nenzira kwayo kuti isimbise humbowo hunoramba kutenderera kwemakondinendi. Munguva yekufambisa aive nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi uye kufa, asi hazvina kumutadzisa kuwana mukurumbira wakanaka. Aifungidzirwa anokwanisa expeditionary, uyewo polar mufambi.

Paakadzokera kuGerman, aive aunganidza mavhoriyamu akakura ekuona kwemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze. Kwegore ra1912 akaita imwe nzendo nyowani, ino nguva yakananga kuGreenland. Akazviita pamwechete Danish muongorori JP Koch. Akaita rwendo rukuru netsoka achitevedza chando chivharo. Nerwendo urwu akapedza zvidzidzo zvake mumamiriro ekunze uye glaciology.

Mushure mekushomeka kwekondinendi

Zvishoma zvinotaurwa nezve zvakaitwa naAlfred Wegener mushure mekuratidzwa kwenyika. Muna 1927, akafunga kuita imwe nzendo kuGreenland nerutsigiro rweGerman Research Association. Mushure mechiitiko uye mukurumbira wakawanikwa nedzidziso yekondinendi yekukweva, aive akakodzera kwazvo kutungamira iwo mafambiro.

Chinangwa chikuru chaive lkuvaka chiteshi chemamiriro ekunze izvo zvinobvumidza kuve nezviyero zvemamiriro ekunze nenzira yakarongeka. Neiyi nzira, rumwe ruzivo nezve madutu uye mhedzisiro yadzo patransatlantic ndege dzaigona kuwanikwa. Zvimwe zvinangwa zvakaiswawo mumunda wemamiriro ekunze uye glaciology kuwana ruzivo rwekuti nei makondinendi achifamba.

Rwendo rwakakosha kupfuura rwose kusvika ipapo rwakaitwa mugore ra1029. Nekuferefetwa uku, data rakakodzera rakawanikwa panguva yavakange vari. Uye ndezvekuti zvaive zvichikwanisika kuziva kuti ukobvu hwechando hwakapfuura 1800 metres yakadzika.

Rwendo rwake rwekupedzisira

Yechina neyekupedzisira nzendo yakaitwa muna 1930 nematambudziko makuru kubva pakutanga. Midziyo kubva munzvimbo dzemukati menyika haina kusvika nenguva. Nguva yechando yakauya yakasimba uye yaive chikonzero chakaringana kuti Alfred Wegener ayedze kupa hwaro hwekugara. Nzvimbo iyi yakatambudzwa nemhepo yakasimba uye chando, izvo zvakakonzera kuti Greenlanders yakahayiwa ibve. Dutu iri rakapa njodzi pakupona.

Vashoma avo vakasara paWegener vaifanira kutambura mukati memwedzi waGunyana. Pasina kana chekudya, vakasvika pachiteshi muna Gumiguru nemumwe wevamwe vavo akaita kunge chando. Haana kukwanisa kuenderera mberi nerwendo. Mamiriro ekupererwa umo musina chikafu kana mafuta (kwaingova nevanhu vaviri vevashanu vaivepo).

Sezvo izvo zvekushandisa zvaive zvisina, zvaive zvakafanira kuenda kunopihwa. Wegener nemumwe wake Rasmus Villumsen ndivo vakadzokera kumahombekombe. Alfred akapemberera gore rake ramakumi mashanu munaNovember 1, 1930 ndokubuda mangwanani akatevera kundotsvaga zvekudya. Panguva yekutsvaga izvo zvekushandisa zvakadzidzwa kuti paive nemhepo ine simba yemhepo uye tembiricha ye -50 ° C. Mushure maizvozvo, havana kuzomboonekwa vari vapenyu zvakare. Mutumbi waWegener wakawanikwa pasi pechando musi waMay 8, 1931, wakaputirwa muhombodo yake yekurara. Kana muviri weumwe wake kana dhayari zvaisawanikwazve, kwaive nepfungwa dzake dzekupedzisira.

Mutumbi wake uchiripo, unodzika zvishoma nezvishoma mugirazi guru kwazvo, iro rimwe zuva richayangarara kunge chando.