Munhu anga ari iye protagonist weakawanda ekuvaka mafaturu. Kugadzirwa kwemugero unogona kubatanidza Gungwa Dzvuku neGungwa reMediterranean ndiko kufemerwa kwemaitiro ekare akagara muIsthmus yeSuez. Pakave nekuyedza kwakati wandei kusvika kumagumo kwakavakwa Suez Canal. Iyo nzira yakakosha zvakanyanya kubva kune yezvehupfumi nzvimbo yekutarisa uye ine kumashure kwayo yakakura uye inonakidza nyaya yatiri kuzotaura pano.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyo Suez Canal, kuvakwa kwayo uye nhoroondo.
Suez canal dhizaini
Hatidzokere shure kudzamara kwekutanga kuyedza kuvaka uyu mugero muzana ramakore re XNUMX. BC Panguva iyoyo, Farao Sesostris III akarayira kuvakwa kwe canal iyo yaigona kubatanidza Rwizi Nile neGungwa Dzvuku. Kunyangwe yaive nenzvimbo yakati rebei, yaive yakaringana kukwana mateki ese enguva. Iyi nzira yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kusvika pakati pezana ramakore rechinomwe BC Gwenga rakanga rakakura zvakakwana zvekuti rakawana chikamu chikuru chenyika kubva kugungwa, ichivhara kubuda kwariri.
Nechikonzero ichi Farao Neko akaedza kuvhurazve mugero pasina budiriro. Vanopfuura varume zviuru zana vakafa mukuyedza kuvhurazve mugero. Mushure memakore zana mambo wePersia, Dhariusi, yakaisa mashandiro emabasa kuti ikwanise kudzoreredza chikamu chekumaodzanyemba chemukoto. Pfungwa iyi yaive yekuunza mugero kuburikidza nawo iyo ngarava dzose dzaigona kupfuura dzakananga kuMediterranean pasina kuyambuka rwizi Nile. Mabasa akapera makore mazana maviri gare gare pasi paPtolemy II. Urongwa hwacho hwaive hwakaenzana neSuez Canal yazvino.
Paive nemusiyano wemamita mapfumbamwe pakati pechikamu chemvura cheGungwa Dzvuku uye cheGungwa reMediterranean, saka izvi zvaifanira kutariswa mukuverenga kwekuvakwa kweiyo canal. Munguva yehutongi hweRoma hweEjipitori, kugadziridzwa kwakakosha kwakaitika kunogona kusimudzira kutengeserana. Nekudaro, mushure mekubva kwevaRoma iyi canal rakasiiwa zvakare uye harina kushandiswa chero chinhu. Munguva yekutonga kwevaMuslim Caliph Omar ndiye aiona nezvekudzoka kwayo. Mushure mezana rese ramakore mukushanda zvakadzorerwa zvakare nerenje.
Isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti gwenga rine simba rinoenderera nekufamba kwenguva uye kuti jecha rinogona kukanganisa zvese zviri munzira yaro.
Nhoroondo yeSuez Canal
Kuvapo kweSuez Canal yakaramba yakavanzwa zvachose kubvira ipapo kwechiuru chemakore. Kusvikira kusvika kwaNapoleon Bonaparte akasvika kuEjipitori muna 1798. Pakati peboka revadzidzi vakaperekedza Napoleon pane vamwe mainjiniya uye aive nemirairo chaiyo yekuongorora nzvimbo kuti aone kushanda kwekuvhura mugero unogona kubvumidza nzira emauto uye nhumbi kuMabvazuva. Chinangwa chikuru chegwara iri uye chave chiri nzira dzekutengesa.
Kunyangwe paakawana zvisaririra zvevaharahara vekare mukutsvaga nzira yekuvhurazve mugero, injineri wezvekuvakwa kwayo zvaive zvisingaite. Sezvo paive nemamita mapfumbamwe emusiyano pakati pemakungwa maviri, haina kubvumidza kuvakwa kwayo. Makore akapfuura, kilometera yakawedzera yaive iyo yekuvhura nzira yegungwa.
Tatova pakati pekuchinja kwemaindasitiri, kutengeserana kweEast Asia kwainge kwamira kuve hunyanzvi uye kwave kuve kwakakosha mukukura kwehupfumi hwesimba rese guru reEuropean. Muna 1845, mumwe mugwagwa wakawedzerwa, uyo waive wekutanga Njanji yeEgipita inobatanidza Alexandria nechiteshi cheSuez. Paive nenzira yekuvhuvhu kuburikidza negwenga reSinai asi zvaive zvisingaite nekuda kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvaigona kutakurwa nevafambi. Kutengesa munzvimbo idzi kwaive kusiri kuita zvakakwana.
Yekutanga njanji sainzi mutsetse waive wakakosha mukutakura kwevatakuri asi hauna kukwana kutakurwa kwezvinhu. Yakatadza kukwikwidza neyava ngarava nyowani dzaivapo panguva iyoyo, dzaimhanya zvakanyanya uye iine mutoro wakakura.
Kuvaka kwake
Chekupedzisira, mabasa ekuvakwa kweiyi canal akatanga muna 1859 nemumiriri weFrance uye muzvinabhizinesi Ferdinand de Lesseps. Mushure memakore gumi ekuvaka, yakavhurwa uye ikave rimwe remabasa makuru einjiniya pasi rose. Zviuru zvevashandi vakaita sevarombo vemuIjipita vakashanda nechisimba uye vangangoita zviuru makumi maviri vavo vakafa nekuda kwemamiriro akaomarara umo kuvaka kwacho kwaiitwa. Ino inguva yekutanga munhoroondo yese kuti michina yekuchera iyo yakanyatsogadzirirwa mabasa aya yakashandiswa.
France neUnited Kingdom vakatungamira iyi chiteshi kwemakore akati asi Mutungamiriri weEgypt akaisa nyika muna 1956. Izvi zvakaburitsa dambudziko repasirese rinozivikanwa seSinai Hondo. Muhondo iyi, Israel, France neUnited Kingdom vakarwisa nyika. Gare gare, pakati pa1967 na1973 kwaive nehondo dzeArabhu neIsrael, senge yeYom Kippur Hondo (1973).
Kugadziridzwa kwekupedzisira kweSuez Canal kwaive muna2015 iine mamwe mabasa ekuwedzera akakonzera kupokana kwakawanda sezvo yasvika pakukwanisa uye nehurefu hwese hwazvino.
Kukosha kwehupfumi
Mazuva ano zvave kuita zvine mukurumbira kuchinjisa nekuda kweiyo Ground yeiyo Yakapihwa ngarava, iyo ine dzinopfuura mazana matatu ngarava uye gumi nemana tugboats dzinoshanda pamuswe wayo zvakaoma kudzoreredza traffic yegungwa munzvimbo iyi.
Kukosha kwehupfumi kunogara muchokwadi chekuti ngarava dzinosvika zviuru makumi maviri dzinopfuura nepano mugero uyu neruoko uye mugero unofamba zvizere unoshandiswa muEjipitori. Kutenda neizvi, dunhu rese rave chinhu chakabudirira nekuda kwekutsinhana kwekutengeserana. Iyo inobvumidza kutengeserana kwegungwa pakati peEurope neSouth Asia uye ine nzvimbo ine hungwaru.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Suez Canal, kuvakwa kwayo uye nhoroondo yayo.