Pakati peavo masayendisiti vakazvipira ivo kuquantum fizikisi, chimwe chezvinyanyo kuzivikanwa kune chinoshamisira chinopokana nekati iri Schrodinger. Zita rake rakazara Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger uyo aive muAustria fizikisi akaberekerwa muVienna musi waAugust 12, 1887. Akapihwa Paul Dirac, wePolish Nobel Prize ye wave action fizikisi inonzi Schrödinger equation. Mubairo wake weNobel wakapihwa muna 1933 panhongonya yebasa rake sechiyero chefizikisi.
Mune ino chinyorwa tichaenda kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyo biography uye iyo Schrödinger's katsi inopokana.
Schrödinger biography
Iye ari fizikisi uyo aive kumavambo ehuwandu hwefizikiki uye aizivikanwa nekushamisa kwekufunga kwake kuyedza. Zvese izvi zvakamuka nekuda kwekunyorerana naAlbert Einstein muna 1935. Akagashira degree rake redoctoral in dzidziso yefizikisi kuburikidza neYunivhesiti yeVienna muna 1910. Aive mukwikwidzi muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga semuuto wemauto muna 1914.
Zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvakaburitswa muAnnals of Physics magazini padambudziko rakabatanidzwa mukuyerwa kweeigenvectors. Paakangowedzera kuwedzera equation nema eigenvectors, yakave Schrödinger equation. Gare gare akasiya Germany ndokuenda kuEngland nekuda kweNazi uye anti-Semitism. Yaiva paOxford University paakagamuchira Mubayiro weNobel.
Gare gare, muna 1936, akadzokera kuAustria kunoshanda kuYunivhesiti yeGraz.
Quantum Fizikisi uye Kufambira Mberi
Mune quantum mechanics, haugone kuziva chaizvo kukosha kweparamende usati wanyatso kuyera. Masvomhu dzidziso inotsanangura nyika ne torque, kumhanya uye chinzvimbo nekunyatso kukwana. Nekudaro, basa remasaisai riri nani iro mukana wekuwana chinhu panguva yakati uye pane imwe nguva inogona kuverengerwa. Naizvozvo, hunhu hwekugona kuitika muhuwandu hwemakanika hwakakwanisa kufungidzira kuti zvidimbu zvakare mafungu uye mapoinzi uye kwete zvekushandisa chete.
Pakati pemashoko aSchrödinger tinowana iyi ndima inoti zvinotevera:
«Ini ndakazvarwa munharaunda, handizive kwandinobva kana kwandinoenda kana kuti ndiri ani. Aya ndiwo mamiriro angu seako, kune mumwe nemumwe wenyu. Izvo zvekuti murume wese agara ari mune ino mamiriro uye anogara achindidzidzisa ini hapana. Zvese isu zvatingazvicherechedze isu pachedu pamusoro pemibvunzo inopisa nezve kwatakabva uye nezvedu iyi ndiyo nharaunda. Ndokusaka ivo vachishuvira kuwana mariri zvese zvatinogona. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitwa nesainzi, ruzivo, ruzivo ndiko kunova iko chaiko sosi yekuedza kwevanhu vese pakunamata.
Isu tinoedza kutsvaga izvo zvatinogona nezve nzvimbo nenzvimbo yemamiriro ekuzvarwa kwatakazvarwa isu. Uye mukuedza uku, tinowana mufaro, tinoiwana ichifadza kwazvo ».
Kati yaSchrödinger
Mushure mekufambira mberi kwesainzi kwakapihwa naSchrödinger pane imwe yakave ine mukurumbira uye ichiri kuenderera nanhasi. Zviri nezve katsi yaSchrödinger. Ndicho chirevo chinonyanya kufarirwa muhuwandu hwefizikiki nekure. Iyo ine akasiyana akasiyana. Ngatione zvavari: zvakarongwa naErwin Schrödinger muna 1935 mukuyedza kwekufunga kunotiratidza kusavhiringidza huwandu hwenyika.
Chinovhiringidza chinotanga nekufungidzira kati mukati mebhokisi rakazara zvachose. Mukati mayo makaiswa michina inobatanidza electron detector kunyundo. Kungozasi kwesando kunoiswa girazi guchu ine dozi inouraya katsi. Kana iyo detector ikatora elektroni, inogona kumisikidza iyo michina inoita kuti sando idonhe uye iputse gaba rehupfu.
Ipapo elektroni inodzingwa, uye zvine musoro, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuitika. Chekutanga, detector inogona kutora electron yoita kuti sando idonhe ibudise huturu. Kana detector inotora elektroni, zvinokwana kuita mashandiro acho. Mune ino kesi, kati inofema muchetura uye inofa. Kana tichivhura bhokisi nhasi tichaenda kunowana katsi yakafa.
Imwe ingangoitika inogona kuitika ndeyekuti elekitironi inokombama imwe nzira uye detector haina kuibata. Nenzira iyi, iyo michina kana haina kuvhurwa uye bhodhoro hariputse. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo katsi ichiri kurarama. Mune ino kesi, iwe paunovhura bhokisi, iyi mhuka ichaonekwa yakachengeteka uye inonzwika.
Parizvino zvese zvine musoro. Mushure mezvose, iko kuyedza izvo Iwe une 50% mukana wekuti mhuka inozopedzisira iri mhenyu kana kufa. Zvisinei, quantum physics inopesana nemafungiro edu.
Tsananguro yegangaidzo
Iyo elektroni ese mafungu uye chidimbu. Kuti tinzwisise kuti zvakanaka sei isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti iyo elektroni inopfura senge bara asi zvakare panguva imwechete sefungu. Zvakafanana nemafungu anoumbwa patinokanda dombo mumadhaka. Sezvinei, inogona kutora nzira dzakasiyana panguva imwe chete. Izvo hazvina kuverengerwa, asi panzvimbo pezvo zvinopindirana semabhuru angangowanda mudziva remvura. Saka zvinotora nzira ye detector asi panguva imwechete iyo inotorawo nzira inopesana.
Kana iyo elektroni ikaonekwa, kati inofa. Panguva imwecheteyo, haasi kuzoonekwa uye achiri mupenyu. Pamwero weatomu, isu tinoona kuti zvese zviri zviviri zviitiko zvinozadzikiswa panguva imwe chete uye isu hatizive kana mhuka yacho inoguma iri mhenyu kana kufa kamwe chete. Nyika mbiri idzi dzakaenzana muchokwadi uye pamwe. Zvisinei, patinovhura bhokisi tinongoona vakafa kana vapenyu.
Kana mikana miviri iri yechokwadi uye ichokwadi, nei tichingoona imwe chete? Tsananguro ndeye kuyedza kunoshandisa iyo mitemo yequantum fizikisi. Nekudaro, katsi haisi yehuwandu hwehurongwa. Uye ndeyekuti iyo quantum fizikisi yakashanda pane subatomic scale uye chete pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Sezvinei, inoshanda chete kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakasarudzika. Chero kusangana nemamiriro ekunze kunoita kuti iyo mitemo yehuwandu hwefizikisi isashande.
Zvimedu zvakawanda zvinopindirana, nekudaro, huwandu haugone kuiswa kune chaiyo uye yakakura nyika sezvazvinoitika nemuenzaniso wemhuka iyi. Uyewo haugoni kushandisa mitemo iyi kana kuchipisa. Iyo katsi chinhu chinopisa uye isu, nekuvhura bhokisi kuti tione mhedzisiro, tiri kudyidzana uye kusvibisa bvunzo. Icho chokwadi cheicho chekutarisa chinoshatisa kuyedza uye chinotsanangudza chokwadi chichienzaniswa nezvimwe.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Schrödinger uye zvaakashandisa.