Kunyange i Rwizi rweCongo Ndiyo imwe yenzizi dzinoshamisa kwazvo pasi rose, haina kuwanikwa netsika dzekuMadokero kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore gumi nemashanu. Muchokwadi, nyaya zhinji dzinotanga nekuuya kwevaPutukezi. Rwizi rweCongo ndeimwe yenzizi dzakakosha kwazvo pamepu yehydrological yenyika, asi yaisazivikanwa kuMadokero kusvika muna 1482.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza nezve hunhu, geology uye zvipenyu zveRwizi rweCongo.
Mhando huru
Pakati penzira yayo, iyo inodarika Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo neAngola, kunzwa kwehukuru hakuna nguva uye hakutsanangurike. Rwizi rwakadzika kwazvo pasi rese zvakare musha kune yakasarudzika uye dzakasiyana mhuka. Mupfungwa iyi, iyo Congo ine akawanda madiki-ekugara ane akasiyana ecological mamiriro, izvo zvinoita kuti igone kune yakapfuma biodiversity.
Rwizi rwemu Africa ndirwo rwechipiri pakukura pasirese, rwechipiri rwakareba uye rwechipiri kudzika kwazvo mukondinendi ye Africa uye rwunopa nharaunda yekudziya inotsigira zviuru zvezvisikwa mubheseni rayo. Zita rayo rinouya kubva kuHumambo hweCongo, imwe yenyika dzinonyanya kukosha muSouth-Sahara nyika isati yasvika.
Rwizi rweCongo rwuri kumabvazuva-pakati pe Africa, iine nzvimbo yemadhiraini inosvika 4,01 mamirioni emakiromita. Inobatanidza nyika dzeCongo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zambia, Tanzania. uye Gabhoni, kunyangwe mune mamwe mabheseni muine panenge pasina kupinda. Inofungidzirwa kuti ingangoita makiromita mazana mana nemazana manomwe pakureba uye inotakura avhareji yemakumi mana emazana emamirimita pa sekondi yemvura., muchidimbu nekuti inogamuchira avhareji yemasendimita makumi maviri nemashanu emvura pagore. Chimiro chake chakachinjika zvishoma uye akayambuka equator kaviri.
Kwayakabva Rwizi rweCongo rwakavhiringidza sezvinoita dzimwe nzizi, asi rwizi rwunofungidzirwa kuti rwakatanga munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeEast Africa Rift Valley kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweZambia, pakati peLake Tanganyika neLake Niassa. Kwayakabva ingangodaro iri Rwizi rweChangbei pakukwirira kwemamita angaite 1.760. Inobayiwa muAtlantic Ocean nemabhanana muDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Rwizi rwakaumbwa-arc, rakakamurwa kuva Upper Congo, Central Congo uye Lower Congo, yakapihwa mari nemitero yakadai seLulonga, Aluwimi, Mongara neKasai.
Upper Congo yakatanga muGreat Rift Valley yeEast Africa uye yakaguma paStanley Falls, ichibva kuCentral Congo ichienderera kuchamhembe kwemakiromita akati wandei.
Kupfuura nekuKisangani muDemocratic Republic of the Congo, rwizi runotendeukira kumadokero uye munguva pfupi iri kuramba ichiyerera ichienda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Hunhu hweichi chikamu chepakati ndechekuti hapana rapids kana mapopoma emvura, saka inogona kufamba nenzira. Iyo Lower Congo inoyambuka guta reKinshasa, kubva pano inowedzera, iine rapids mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Kuumbwa kweRwizi rweCongo
Chimiro uye mugero werwizi rwechishanu pakureba kwazvo pasirese hauna kunyanya kusakara. Mazhinji emadhishi ndiwo Mesozoic sediment, asi zvakare Paleozoic uye neoproterozoic sediment zvakawanikwa.
Zviripachena, pamberi peMesozoic, iyo Congo yaive nzira yepamusoro yerumwe rwizi rwuchiyerera kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero kuburikidza neGondwana, asi kupatsanurwa kwenyika iyi kwakatungamira mukubuda kwenzvimbo mbiri nyowani: Africa yanhasi uye yanhasi South America, nekudaro kuchinja nzira yerwizi uye chimiro cheimwe miviri yemvura. Rwizi rweCongo rwakatora chimiro charo parimwe nguva muPleistocene pakati pemakore zana nemakumi mashanu nemazana maviri ezviuru apfuura.
Maruva nemhuka zveRwizi rweCongo
Nekuda kwenzvimbo dzinopisa uko rwizi rwuripo uye zvicherwa zvakapfuma zvinopihwa nenzvimbo yega yega yemvura munzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa, ine bheseni rakapfuma rezvinhu zvipenyu. Mazana emhando dzehove dzinoshambira mumvura dzayo uye manomwe emhuri gumi dzehove muLake Tanganyika dzakashanduka mumvura dzayo. Hove dzakawanda kwazvo ndedzemhuri dzinoti Ciclidae, Mormyridae, Characidae, Distichitodontidae, Mochokidae, Bagridae, Cyprinidae uye Siluriformes. Makarwe nemakamba, senge nyani zhinji uye shiri dzemvura vanowana dzimba dzavo dzakakwana munzvimbo yavo yemvura.
Pamiti yemumvura mvura hyacinth, maruva nemafern emumvura anomira.
Kukosha kwehupfumi
Rwizi rweCongo rwanga rwuri nzira yekufambisa yevanhu vekare veBantu. Ichowo sosi yekudya kwemarudzi ese ari padyo. Kukosha kwayo kweupfumi kwakafanana neiko kwerwizi rweNile.Vatsvagiri vekuEurope vakafamba munzira dzayo zhinji uye vachiri kubatanidza mataundi nemaguta nhasi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemigwagwa yakachengeteka munzvimbo iyi. Zvigadzirwa zvakaita seshuga, kofi, donje, mhangura, uye mafuta emuchindwe zvinowanzoendeswa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe uye, kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, ngarava dzaive nzira dzakakosha dzekufambisa rwizi kufamba.
Vanopfuura mamirioni makumi manomwe nemashanu vanhu vanovimba nezviwanikwa zveRwizi rweCongo, kusanganisira mishonga, mvura, zvivakwa zvezvivakwa, pekugara uye, zvekare, chikafu. Madamu akasiyana siyana pamwe nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi akavakwa padivi porwizi kupa magetsi kuvanhu.
Dzimwe hove, senge dziri mumapoka Protopterus, Parachanna, Bagridae, Characidae, uye Distichodontus, dzinogona kukonzerwa nekuredza hove, kuunzwa kwemarudzi asiri eCongo, uye kutemwa kwemiti. Kutemwa kwemasango nekushandisa zvisizvo zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinoderedza hunhu hwemvura nezvisikwa zvinogara mazviri.
Masango eCongo rwizi basin unganidza 8% yekabhoni yese yakachengetwa mumasango epasi, ichichiita iro rakakura dziva re kabhoni mu Africa uye rechina pasi. Nekudaro, ingangoita 85% yesango iri risiri mhandara rakaparadzwa uye kutema matanda kunotyisidzira rakasara sango. Kufungidzirwa kwekutemwa kwemasango muCentral Africa muna 2050 vanofungidzira izvo chete mu Democratic Republic of the Congo ichaburitsa matani 34,4 bhiriyoni e carbon dioxide.
Makumi emamiriyoni evanhu vanovimba nesango kuti vararame. MuDemocratic Republic of the Congo chete, vanhu vane mamirioni makumi mana vanogara mumasango aya. Muchikamu chino chenyika, tsika dzese dzinogara zvakananga kubva musango kune pekugara, hutano, chikafu, uye tsika uye kupona kwemweya.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezverwizi rweCongo uye nehunhu hwayo.