Halley's Comet

Iwe zvechokwadi wakanzwa nezvazvo Halley comet imwe nguva muhupenyu hwako uye unogona kusaziva chaizvo kuti zviri sei uye kuti zvinoshanda sei. Ichokwadi ndechekuti iyo kometi ine kutenderera kunopfuura Pasi pese makore makumi manomwe nenomwe. Inogona kuonekwa kubva pano sechiedza chikuru chakajeka. Iyo ndeimwe yemakometi ane chinhambwe chipfupi pane zviripo mubhandi reKuiper. Kumwe kuferefeta kunosimbisa kuti kwayakatangira kuri mu Oort Cloud uye kuti pakutanga yaive comet ine nzira refu yakadaro.

Mamwe masayendisiti anotora Halley's Comet seyekutanga iyo munhu anogona kuona kusvika kaviri muhupenyu hwake. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakavanzika uye simba reiyo comet inozivikanwa munyika? Verenga pamusoro kuti uwane zvese.

Chii uye chii chiri mavambo eHalley's Comet

Kunyangwe iri comet ine mukurumbira pasi rese, vanhu vazhinji havasati vaziva kuti chii. Iyo comet ine saizi hombe uye kupenya kwakawanda kunoonekwa kubva pasi uye zvakare ine kutenderera kwakatenderedza zuva senyika yedu. Musiyano neruremekedzo kwaari ndewekuti isu zvedu dudziro orbit gore rega, Halley's Comet ndeye makore ese makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.

Vatsvakurudzi vanga vachiongorora kutenderera kwaro kubvira payakapedzisira kucherechedzwa kubva kupuraneti yedu muna 1986. Iyo comet yakatumidzwa zita remusayendisiti uyo yakawanikwa naEdmund Halley muna 1705. Zvidzidzo zvinotsigira kuti nguva inotevera painogona kucherechedzwa papasi redu kutenderera gore ra2061, pamwe mumwedzi waChikumi naJuly.

Kana zviri zvekutanga, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakaumbwa muOort Cloud, pakupera kwe Solar system. Munzvimbo idzi, ma comets ayo anotangira ane refu trajectory. Nekudaro, zvinofungidzirwa kuti nzira yaHalley yakapfupiswa nekuvharirwa nehombe hofori gasi muSolar System. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei iine ipfupi track rekodhi.

Kazhinji makometi ese ane trajectory ipfupi inouya kubva Kuiper Belt uye nekuda kweichi chikonzero, iri bhandi rinofungidzirwa kwaari sekutanga kwaHalley's Comet.

Hunhu uye orbit

Kuve unozivikanwa kwazvo munhoroondo, iyo kometi yakadzidzwa zvizere. Iyo trajectory inozivikanwa kupfuura nepanzvimbo pekutangira makore ese makumi manomwe neshanu. Izvi ipfupi kune yakajairwa kiti. Kunyangwe ichiuya ichibva kuOort Cloud, iyo trajectory yakafanana neese macomets ayo ari eKuiper belt.

Kazhinji, iyo trajectory yakajairwa uye inotsanangurwa uye uye, semhedzisiro, kufanotaura kwako kuri nyore nyore. Kusvika parizvino pane chinyorwa chemakore ese icho chakapfuura kubva pakuwanikwa kwayo uye, zvinogona kunge zvakaringana nemabatiro acho.

Kana zviri zvehunhu hwayo zvemukati, zvinogona kuoneka zvine chimiro chakazara uye chakaumbwa nenuclea nekoma. Inofananidzwa nemamwe makometi, yakakura kwazvo muhukuru uye yakajeka. Kunyangwe iri muviri mutema, inopenya zvakakwana kuti uonekwe kubva pamusoro pePasi. Iyo nucleus ine zviyero zvemakiromita gumi nemashanu uye makiromita masere pakureba uye paupamhi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei ichinzi kiti hombe. Chimiro chayo chakajairika chinogona kufanana nechocho nzungu.

Musimboti unoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvakaita semvura, carbon monoxide uye dioxide, methane, hydrocyanuric acid, ammonia, uye formaldehyde. Hurefu hwese hwekutenderera kweiyi kite inosvika mamirioni emamirioni.

Iyo orbit yeHalley's Comet ndeye elliptical muchimiro uye kudzokorodza. Nhungamiro yairi kutevera inopesana neiyo yemapuraneti uye nemafungiro e18 degrees. yakanyatsoita nguva dzose uye yakatsanangurwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore pakudzidza nekutsvaga.

Halley's Comet anodzoka riini?

Icho chokwadi chekuti muBritish nyanzvi yemuchadenga Edmund Halley ndiye aive wekutanga aikwanisa kuverenga kutenderera kwe comet hazvireve kuti zvaive zvisati zvamboonekwa kubva pasi pePasi. Iyi comet yakaonekwa kubva kumusoro makore ese makumi manomwe neshanu. Edmund Halley akakwanisa kufungidzira uye kuverenga nzira yemakometi kutenda kune kumwe kuona kwakaitika kare.

Chekutanga chakaonekwa mugore ra1531 naAppiano naFracastoro. Yakarondedzerwa sedombo hombe, rakaumbwa nzungu. Yaive nekupenya kukuru uye yaigona kuoneka zviri nyore kubva pamusoro penyika. Makore gare gare, kuona kwaKepler naLongomontanus kunogona zvakare kunyorwa muna 1607, ndiko kuti, makore 76 gare gare. Paakakwanisa kuiona nemaziso ake muna 1682, akazivisa kuti inogona kunge ichizoonekwa zvakare muna 1758.

Neichi chiwanikwa ndosaka Halley akadaidzwa kunzi comet. Ongororo ichangoburwa yakaburitswa mupepanhau Zvinyorwa zveCosmology inoratidza kuti kuona kwekutanga kometi iyi kwakaitika mugore ra466 BC, pamwe mumwedzi waJune kusvika pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu.

Kuona kwakatevera kwakanyorwa nevechiChinese vanoongorora nyeredzi muna 240 BC.Kubva pane zvinyorwa izvi, yakaonekwa kanokwana makumi maviri nepfumbamwe kusvika parizvino nemugwagwa wemakore makumi matanhatu nenomwe. Kana nguva yekupedzisira kuonana muri muna 29, Zvichizoonekwa zvakare mugore ra2061-2062.

Curiosities

Sezvaunogona kutarisira, comet inonyanya kukosha munhoroondo ine zvimwe zvinoda kuziva. Isu tinovaunganidza pano:

• Kunyangwe kupenya kukuru kunopa, Halley's Comet muviri mutema.
• Nekuda kwekuonekwa kwekometi muna 1910 pakanga paine kuzviuraya zvinopfuura mazana mana zvine hukama nechiitiko ichi chakafukidza matenga ePeru neruvara runoshamisa.
• Kutenda kune ino comet, zviuru zvemabhuku uye nyaya zvakabatana.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kusvika pakuziva iyo yakakurumbira comet munhoroondo zvakanaka.