nambala mayan

M'mbiri yonse, machitidwe osiyanasiyana owerengera manambala okhudzana ndi chitukuko cha zitukuko zazikulu adalembedwa. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa: Aigupto, Ababulo, Aroma, Achitchaina, dongosolo lomwe tikudziwa pano kuti ndi decimal kapena Indo-Arabic, ndi dongosolo la Mayan. Chotsatiracho, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zitukuko za Pre-Columbian, chimakhala ndi ndondomeko yowerengera nambala, ndiye kuti, m'munsi mwa makumi awiri. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, dongosololi ndi la vigesimal chifukwa limachokera ku chiwerengero cha zala ndi zala. The nambala mayan Iwo akhala akudziwika bwino m'mbiri yonse komanso lero.

Pachifukwa ichi, tipereka nkhaniyi kuti tikuuzeni zomwe manambala a Mayan ali, makhalidwe awo, chiyambi ndi kufunika kwake.

Chitukuko cha Mayan

Tisanalankhule za kachitidwe ka manambala a Amaya, tiyenera kufotokoza mwachidule omwe iwo anali kuti timvetsetse kufunika kwawo kwakukulu mu dziko la America komanso kufunikira kwa manambala awo.

Amaya anali amodzi mwa zikhalidwe zazikulu za dera lachikhalidwe lotchedwa Mesoamerica, lokhala ku Mesoamerica kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX BC mpaka zaka za zana la XNUMX AD. Iwo anali amodzi mwa matauni ofunika kwambiri ku America konse ndipo anachita mbali yaikulu m’chisinthiko cha zikhalidwe ku America konse ndi ku Mesoamerica. Ngakhale kuti inasungidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri, zoona zake n’zakuti inalibe kufunika kofanana m’nthaŵi zonsezi, koma ngakhale zili choncho, masamu ake anafalikira m’matauni ambiri.

Ngakhale kuti anali anthu akale kwambiri, zoona zake n’zakuti Amaya anali amodzi mwa zikhalidwe zotsogola kwambiri, zomwe zinapita patsogolo kwambiri pankhani ya sayansi kuposa mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya. osati m’mbiri ya Amereka komanso m’mbiri ya anthu.

nambala mayan

Pogwirizana ndi kachitidwe ka manambala a Maya, timapeza zolemba za Maya, mawonekedwe a zithunzi za Maya omwe chiwerengero chachikulu cha zithunzithunzi chinaphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro zina kupanga njira yolembera zambiri ndi zovuta, zomwe zingakhale zoyamba za dongosolo lalikulu la ku Mesoamerican kulemba. Kuti tifananize ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino, tinganene kuti zolemba za Mayan ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zolemba za Aigupto, makamaka ponena za hieroglyphs.

Kupyolera mu makina ofanana ndi ma glyphs omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba, timapeza kukhalapo kwa nambala, yomwe imagwiritsanso ntchito zizindikiro zambiri. Zizindikiro izi zikugwirizana ndi tsiku, mwezi ndi chaka, popeza dongosolo la manambala la Mayan silinali lolunjika pa kuthetsa mavuto a masamu, koma mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri a ku Ulaya, kugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chawo chinali kuyesa nthawi. monga kalendala ya Mayan. Chinali chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko.

Dongosolo la manambala a Mayan linali lamphamvu., zizindikiro zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kuimira zinthu monga mizere, nkhono, ndi madontho, n’chifukwa chake zizindikiro zambirimbiri zimene zimaimira manambala n’zofanana kwambiri. Kumbali inayi, dongosololi limakhalanso lokhazikika, kusintha mtengo wa chiwerengero kutengera komwe chizindikirocho chili, kuonjezera chiwerengerocho kupyolera mu dongosolo lokhazikika pazitali zambiri.

Ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuti m'phunziro ili tikukamba za dongosolo loyambira la Maya, popeza panali machitidwe ena osavuta, omwe. amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbali imodzi yokha ya moyo, monga njira yamalonda yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kapena dongosolo la maonekedwe a mutu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzolemba zomwe manambala amaimiridwa ndi zithunzi zamutu.

Makhalidwe apamwamba

Kuti tipitirize kuphunzira za dongosolo la manambala a Mayan ndi manambala a Mayan, tiyenera kukambirana njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba manambalawa, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti tiwone zitsanzo kuti timvetse kufunika kwa zizindikiro.

Dongosolo lolemba la digito la Mayan limakhazikitsidwa ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu:

• Mfundo Zoyimira Magawo
• Mikwingwirima imayimira 5
• Nkhonoyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira 0, nambala yachilendo kwambiri m'magulu ena aku Mesoamerican.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zitatu izi, Amaya adapanga manambala kuyambira 0 mpaka 20, pomwe 0 ndi nkhono, ndipo manambala ena onse amapangidwa powonjezera mizere ndi madontho., ngati 6, yoimiridwa ndi mzere ndi kadontho. Lingaliro loyambirira la manambala makumi awiri oyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mizere ndi madontho kupanga nambala iliyonse.

Dongosolo la manambala a Mayan lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitukuko cha Mayan chisanachitike ku Columbian chinali njira yowerengera nambala, ndiye kuti, maziko makumi awiri. Gwero la maziko owerengera awa ndi index ya chala yomwe imapezeka powonjezera zala ndi zala. Mu dongosolo la manambala a Mayan, zojambulazo zimachokera ku zizindikiro. Zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madontho ndi mipiringidzo yopingasa. ndipo, pankhani ya ziro, zozungulira zomwe zimafanana ndi zipolopolo za m'nyanja.

Kuchuluka kwa madontho asanu kumapanga bala, kotero ngati titi tilembe nambala eyiti m'mawu a Mayan, tikanagwiritsa ntchito madontho atatu mu bala. Manambala 4, 5 ndi 20 anali ofunika kwa Amaya chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti 5 imapanga gawo (dzanja), pamene nambala 4 imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero cha magawo anayi a 5, omwe amapanga munthu (zala 20). .

Kuyimira manambala kwa Amaya imayikidwa pansi pa dongosolo kapena mlingo wa kusintha, ndipo nthawi zonse zimachokera ku 20 ndi kuchulukitsa kwake. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, mawerengedwe a Amaya adagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha ziro kuti atsimikizire kufunika kopanda pake. Kukonzekera kwa manambala m'nyumba za nambala kumaperekedwanso ku dongosolo la manambala la Mayan.

Kufunika kwa manambala a Mayan

Kwa manambala oyambira pa makumi awiri, kulemera kwa malo omwe alowetsedwa kumasintha nambala kutengera kutalika koyima komwe nambalayo ili. Lingaliro ndiloti chiwerengerocho chimakhalabe m'dera lomwe lili pansipa, nambala iliyonse kuyambira 0 mpaka 20, kenako nambala ina imayikidwa pamwamba, kuchulukitsa ndi 20.

Miyezo yosiyanasiyana imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe nambala yoyamba imachulukitsidwa ndi makumi awiri, ndipo kutalika kwa nambala yayikulu kumasiyananso.

Zitsanzo zina za kachitidwe ka manambala a Mayan ndi izi:

• 25: Dontho lapamwamba likuchulukitsidwa ndi makumi awiri, ndipo mzere wapansi ukuyimira asanu.
• 20: Dontho pamwamba limachulukitsidwa ndi makumi awiri, ndipo nkhono m'munsiyi imayimira ziro.
• 61: Madontho atatu apamwamba akuchulukitsidwa ndi makumi awiri, omwe ndi 60, ndipo kadontho kakang'ono akuyimira 1.
• 122: Madontho awiri omwe ali m’munsi akuimira 2, ndipo kadontho ndi mzere pamwamba zikuimira 20.
• 8000: Mfundo imodzi itatu yokhala ndi nkhono, nkhono iliyonse imayimira ziro, ndipo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa magawo atatu, amaloza katatu katatu.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi chidziwitsochi mutha kuphunzira zambiri za manambala a mesh ndi kufunikira kwawo.