Mitundu ya mchere

Ndizotheka kuti nthawi zina mwaphunzira zamchere komanso mawonekedwe ake. Pali zambiri mitundu ya mchere ndipo chilichonse chimachotsedwa m'njira ndipo chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Munthu amagwiritsa ntchito mchere m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mchere umangokhala chinthu chokhazikika chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso mtundu wina wa mankhwala.

Munkhaniyi tikambirana zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere yomwe ilipo Padziko lapansi ndi zomwe amachita. Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za izi? Uwu ndiye positi wanu 🙂

Makhalidwe omwe amatanthauzira mchere

Chinthu choyamba chimene tiyenera kuyang'ana mchere ndikuti ndi chinthu chopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti, ilibe moyo. Kuti mchere ukhale mchere, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa. Choyamba ndikuti sichingachokere kuzinthu zilizonse zamoyo kapena zotsalira. Izi ndizinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa Padziko Lapansi. Pokhala zachilengedwe, ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'chilengedwe ndipo sizinapangidwe mwanzeru.

Ndi nkhani ya mchere pali bizinesi yambiri. Pali anthu omwe amanamizira mchere pazinthu zina zopangidwa ndi iwowo kuti azigulitsa mopweteketsa anthu omwe amakhulupirira zamphamvu zamchere. Chitsanzo chomveka ndi labradorite, quartz, ndi zina zambiri.

Mankhwala amchere amayenera kukhazikitsidwa. Amapangidwa ndimolekyulu ndi maatomu omwe adakonzedwa m'njira yokhazikika ndipo sayenera kusintha. Maminiti awiri atha kupangidwa ndi ma atomu ndi mamolekyulu ofanana koma amakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi cinnabar. Mchere uwu umakhala ndi chilinganizo cha mankhwala HgS. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kapangidwe kake kamapangidwa ndi mamolekyulu a mercury ndi sulfure. Kuti cinnabar ikhale mchere weniweni, iyenera kutengedwa m'chilengedwe ndikukhala yopanda mphamvu.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire mchere wina ndi mzake

Tikayika, pali zina zomwe zingatithandize kusiyanitsa mitundu ina ya mchere ndi ina. Timakumbukira kuti mchere uliwonse uli ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosiyana komanso kosiyana ndi ena onse. Tiwone kuti ndi ziti zomwe zingatithandize kusiyanitsa mchere wosiyanasiyana.

• Choyamba ndikudziwa ngati tikukamba kapena ayi Kristalo. Pali mchere womwe ndi makristasi wokha komanso wochokera kwachilengedwe. Zachidziwikire, si kristalo yofanana ndi yomwe tidazolowera, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe a polyhedral, nkhope, mapiko ndi m'mbali. Tiyenera kunena kuti mchere wambiri ndi makhiristo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake.
• Chizolowezi ndi mawonekedwe omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri. Kutengera kutentha ndi kuthamanga komwe adapangira, mchere uli ndi chizolowezi chosiyana. Ndi mawonekedwe omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri.
• Mtundu ndichinthu chosavuta kusiyanitsa. Mgodi aliyense amakhala ndi mtundu wina womwe ungatithandizire kudziwa lomwe ndi liti. Palinso zopanda utoto komanso zowonekera.
• Chowala Ndi khalidwe lina lomwe lingatithandize kudziwa mitundu ya mchere. Aliyense ali ndi kuwala kosiyana. Pali iwo omwe ali ndi chitsulo, vitreous, matte kapena adamantine luster.
• Kuchuluka kwake zitha kuwoneka zosavuta. Kutengera kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere uliwonse, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwake. Mchere wochuluka kwambiri ndi wochepa komanso wolemera.

Katundu wa mchere

Mchere uli ndi katundu yemwe amagawa nawo ndikuwapanga osiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwazinthu zake zazikulu zomwe amadziwika kuti ndizovuta. Kuchokera pazovuta mpaka zofewa zomwe amagawidwa nazo Mulingo wa Mohs.

Chuma china ndi chosalimba. Ndiye kuti, ndikosavuta kapena kovuta bwanji kuswa kamodzi. Kuuma sikuyenera kusokonezedwa ndi kufinya. Mwachitsanzo, diamondi ndi mchere wolimba kwambiri chifukwa sungakande pokhapokha utakhala ndi diamondi ina. Komabe, ndikosavuta kwambiri kuswa ukamenyedwa, chifukwa ndiwosalimba.

Mchere ukasweka umatha kusweka mosiyanasiyana kapena kutulutsa mafuta pafupipafupi. Izi zikachitika, zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi magawo ofanana. Kusanthula mchere kwathunthu makhalidwe ake onse ndi katundu ayenera kuganiziridwa.

Mulingo wa Mohs ndiwu wotsatira, kuyambira kuuma kwakukulu mpaka kuchepa:

• 10. Daimondi
• 9. Corundum
• 8. Topazi
• 7. Khwatsi
• 6. Mitsempha yamagetsi
• 5. Apatite
• 4. Fluorite
• 3. Kutchula
• 2. pulasitala
• 1. Talc

Kuwongolera kumvetsetsa, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kuuma kumakhala ndi kuthekera kokanda. Poterepa, talc imatha kukanda ndi aliyense, koma siyingakande aliyense. Quartz imatha kukweza mndandanda wonsewo kuyambira 6 mpaka pansi, koma imangokanda ndi topazi, corundum ndi diamondi. Daimondi, pokhala wolimba kwambiri, sangakande ndi aliyense ndipo imatha kukanda aliyense.

Mitundu ya mchere

Momwe mchere umawonekera m'chilengedwe zimawathandiza kuzindikira magulu awiri akulu. Kumbali imodzi, ali miyala yopanga miyala ndipo, mbali inayo, miyala yamchere.

Chitsanzo cha mtundu woyamba wa mchere ndi granite. Granite ndi thanthwe lopangidwa ndi mitundu itatu yamchere: quartz, feldspars, ndi mica (onani Mitundu ya miyala). Mtundu wachiwiri tili ndi ayironi. Ndi miyala chifukwa imapezeka molunjika kuchokera ku chitsulo. Iron iron imakhala ndi chitsulo chambiri komanso choyera, motero imatha kutengedwa mwachindunji. Tiyenera kunena kuti miyala imakhala ndi zosafunika.

Mwa miyala yopanga miyala tili nayo:

• Awa ndi gulu la mchere womwe umapanga miyala ndi zochulukirapo. Timapeza biotite, olivine, quartz ndi orthoose.
• Palibe ma silicates. Mcherewu ulibe silicon ndipo ndi gypsum, halite ndi calcite.

Kumbali inayi, tili ndi mchere wochuluka womwe umachotsedwa mwachindunji kudzera mu element. Kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwa mtundu umodzi wa miyala yamchere kumatchedwa dipositi. Kuti mutenge chitsulocho kuchokera ku miyala, zosakanizazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndikuphwanya kenako amabwezeretsanso kutentha kwambiri. Umu ndi momwe ma ingot otchuka amapangidwira.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi izi mutha kumvetsetsa zamitundu yamchere.