Mayiko a Pacific Ocean

Nyanja ya Pacific ndiye madzi akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, opitilira 30% padziko lapansi komanso okhala ndi zilumba zambiri komanso madera ambiri. The Mayiko a Pacific Ocean ali ndi mikhalidwe yosiyana kwambiri, kuyambira m’maiko otukuka kwambiri mpaka kumaiko aang’ono ndi osatukuka. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe ndizofala kumayiko ambiri aku Pacific.

Pazifukwa izi, tipereka nkhaniyi kuti tikuuzeni zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, geology ndi chikhalidwe chamayiko a Pacific Ocean ndi zina mwazokonda zam'nyanja.

Mayiko a Pacific Ocean

Choyamba, mayiko ambiri aku Pacific ali ndi chikhalidwe komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha malo awo abwino ngati mlatho pakati pa Asia ndi America. Kuchokera kwa anthu amtundu wa Oceania kupita kumadera othawa kwawo ochokera ku China, Japan ndi mayiko ena a ku Asia, nyanja ya Pacific ndi malo osungunuka a zikhalidwe ndi miyambo.

Chachiwiri, mayiko ambiri a ku Pacific amadalira kwambiri usodzi ndi ulimi kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo wawo. Usodzi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera ndalama komanso ntchito m'maiko ambiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe ulimi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mayiko a zilumba omwe ali ndi malo ochepa olimapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko ena a m’nyanja ya Pacific alinso ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga mafuta ndi gasi.

Chachitatu, mayiko ambiri omwe ali m'nyanja ya Pacific akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Umphaŵi, ulova, kusowa mwayi wopeza maphunziro ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mavuto ofala m’maiko ena a Pacific. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri mwa mayikowa akukumananso ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, monga kusintha kwanyengo komanso kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.

Maikowa ali ndi mbiri yakale komanso cholowa cha chikhalidwe chomwe chili chofunikira kuti chisungidwe ndi kuteteza. Kuchokera ku zikhalidwe zakale za anthu amtundu wa Oceania mpaka ku chikoka cha atsamunda cha Azungu, Mbiri ya Pacific ndi yolemera komanso yosiyanasiyana. Kusungidwa kwa malo azikhalidwe komanso kupititsa patsogolo zokopa alendo ndikofunikira kuti tisunge ndikugawana chikhalidwe cholemera cha Pacific. Iwo ndi osiyanasiyana komanso apadera m’njira zambiri. Ngakhale akukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu, amakhalanso ndi chikhalidwe cholemera, mbiri yakale, ndi cholowa chachilengedwe chomwe chiyenera kutetezedwa ndi kulemekezedwa.

Kufunika kwachuma

Pacific ndiyofunika kwambiri pazachuma pazifukwa izi:

• Ili ndi ma depositi ofunikira amafuta ndi gasi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta polymetallic, mchenga ndi miyala.
• Imayimira njira yofunikira yamalonda apanyanja.
• Usodzi ndi imodzi mwamafakitale opindula kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nsomba zodyedwa ndi nkhono zosiyanasiyana m'nyanja ya Pacific zomwe zikufunika kwambiri m'maiko osiyanasiyana, makamaka ku Asia. Sitima zapamadzi zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimapha nsomba m'nyanjayi. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pacific kumawonedwa ngati nsomba yofunika kwambiri, kutulutsa 28 peresenti ya nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi dera la Kumadzulo ndi Pakati pa Pacific, lomwe limapanga 16 peresenti ya nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba za tuna, mackerel, Alaskan whiting, sardines ana, anchovies aku Japan, cod, hake ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya squid amagwidwanso mochuluka.
• Nyanja ya Pacific imalumikizana ndi nyanja ya Atlantic kudzera mumayendedwe achilengedwe kum'mwera chakumwera kwa America, Strait of Magellan ndi Nyanja ya Drake, koma mwina njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yolunjika ndikudutsa mumsewu wa Panama Canal.
• Piracy ndi chiwopsezo cha panyanja chomwe chimalepheretsa kuyenda kwaulere ku South China Sea, Nyanja ya Celebes, ndi Nyanja ya Sulu. Umbava ndi kuba ndi zida ndi milandu yanthawi zonse yomwe siyiimitsidwa kawirikawiri. Zombo ndi zombo zina ziyenera kutenga njira zodzitetezera kuti zichepetse zoopsa.

kuteteza nyanja

Pacific ikukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu: kusintha kwa nyengo, kuipitsa pulasitiki ndi kusodza kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti imatetezedwa ndi malamulo a mayiko, kukula kwake kumatanthauza kuti kuyesetsa kuteteza zachilengedwe sikophweka.

Malingana ndi deta yomwe inatulutsidwa ndi New York Times, pali matani 87.000 a zinyalala m'nyanja ya Pacific, ndipo chiwerengerochi chidzawonjezeka m'zaka zikubwerazi, pakati pawo, mapulasitiki ndi maukonde ophera nsomba ndizinthu zomwe zasiyidwa kwambiri panthawi yowonjezera. Kuwunjika kwa zinyalala kumeneku kumadziwika kuti Garbage Island, malo okwana masikweya kilomita 1,6 miliyoni pakati pa Hawaii ndi California.

Kumbali ina, madera ambiri a Nyanja ya Pacific akufunika kuyambiranso kupha nsomba mopambanitsa, popeza kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zomwe zimayenera kudyedwa ndi anthu zimalephera kukhalanso bwino panthawi ya kubalana, zomwe zimakhudza zamoyo za m'madzi. Kusaka kosaloledwa kwa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndi chimodzi mwa ziwopsezo zazikulu ku Pacific.

Zilumba za Pacific Ocean

Nyanja ya Pacific ili ndi zisumbu zosiyanasiyana, zambiri zomwe ndi za Oceania, zogawidwa m'madera atatu osiyana:

• Chimelanesian: New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Zenadh Kes (Torres), Vanuatu, Fiji ndi Solomon Islands.
• Micronesia: Mariana Islands, Guam, Wake Island, Palau, Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Nauru ndi United States of Micronesia.
• Polynesia: New Zealand, Hawaii, Rotuma, Midway, Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga, Tovalu, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, ndi Easter Island.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zilumba zina zomwe sizili za kontinenti iyi, monga:

• Zilumba za Galapagos. Ndi ku Ecuador.
• Zilumba za Aleutian. Iwo ndi a Alaska ndi United States.
• Sakhalin ndi Kuril Islands. Ndi ya Russia.
• Taiwan. Ndi ya Republic of China ndipo ikutsutsana ndi People's Republic of China.
• Philippines.
• Zilumba za South China Sea. Ndi ya China.
• Japan ndi Ryukyu Islands.

Mbali yakuya kwambiri ya nyanja zonse za padziko lapansi ili kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Pacific, pafupi ndi zilumba za Mariana ndi Guam, ndipo imadziwika kuti Mariana Trench. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a chipsera kapena kapendekedwe, imapitilira makilomita 2.550 a kutumphuka ndikufika m'lifupi makilomita 69.

Kuzama kwakukulu komwe kumadziwika ndi 11.034 metres, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati Everest itagwera mumtsinje wa Mariana, nsonga yake ikanakhalabe makilomita 1,6 pansi pa madzi.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi chidziwitso ichi mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za mayiko a Pacific Ocean ndi makhalidwe awo.