magulu a nyenyezi otchuka

Pali magulu a nyenyezi makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi atatu ovomerezeka ndi International Astronomical Union. Awa ndi magulu a nyenyezi omwe amapanga timitu tating'ono todziwika bwino. Sagwirana wina ndi mzake, ndipo aliyense ali ndi dzina lake. Komabe, pali ena magulu a nyenyezi otchuka kuti aliyense amadziwa kuchita ndi kuti n'zosavuta kuzizindikira mu thambo la usiku.

M'nkhaniyi tikupatsani ena mwa magulu otchuka a nyenyezi, makhalidwe awo ndi zina zambiri.

Chiyambi cha dongosolo lodziwika bwino la kuwundana

M’nthaŵi zakale, akatswiri a zakuthambo anapanga magulu a nyenyezi opanda dongosolo lokhazikika, chotero m’kupita kwa zaka, matchati a zakuthambo anatsirizira kukhala chipwirikiti chenicheni, ndi nyenyezi kugawana magulu angapo a nyenyezi. Palinso oposa zana limodzi, koma palibe dongosolo lowaika m’magulu.

M’lingaliro limeneli, bungwe la International Astronomical Union linachita msonkhano wake woyamba mu 1922 kuti likhazikitse dongosolo losakhazikika la magulu a nyenyezi. Pa nthawiyo, mndandanda wa magulu a nyenyezi unachepetsedwa kukhala makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu, gulu lililonse la nyenyezi linali ndi dzina lomveka bwino. Koma mu 1925 munaitanidwanso msonkhano kuti mudziwe malire apakati pawo. Umu ndi momwe mapu akumwamba anapangidwira monga momwe tikudziwira tsopano, momwe nyenyezi makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu zikuwonekera ndi malire awo odziwika bwino.

magulu a nyenyezi otchuka

Chimbalangondo Chachikulu

Big Dipper ndi gulu la nyenyezi lodziwika bwino komanso losavuta kuzindikira mumlengalenga wausiku. Ndi gulu la nyenyezi zisanu ndi ziwiri zowala zomwe zimapanga chithunzi chofanana ndi ndowa kapena ngolo, kutengera ndi momwe mukuwonera.

Chochititsa chidwi cha Big Dipper ndi chakuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza magulu a nyenyezi ndi zinthu zakumwamba. Mwachitsanzo, mungapeze Nyenyezi ya Pole, yomwe ndi nyenyezi yomwe imasonyeza kumpoto kwakumwamba.

Chinthu chinanso cha gulu la nyenyezi limeneli n’chakuti ndi gulu la nyenyezi lozungulira, choncho nthawi zonse limaoneka usiku kuchokera m’madera ambiri a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ili pafupi kwambiri ndi North Celestial Pole, ndipo mayendedwe ake ooneka m’mwamba n’ngochedwerapo moti samazimiririkanso m’chizimezimezi.

Chimbalangondo Chaching'ono

Ursa Minor ndi kuwundana kwina komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuzindikira mumlengalenga wausiku. Mofanana ndi Big Dipper, ndi gulu la nyenyezi lozungulira ku Northern Hemisphere ndipo nthawi zonse limawoneka kuchokera kumadera ambiri. Ursa Minor amapangidwa ndi nyenyezi zisanu ndi ziwiri. kukhala Polaris kapena Polar Star chowala kwambiri komanso chodziwika bwino mwa iwo.

Polaris ili kumapeto kwa mchira ndipo ndi nyenyezi yofunikira kwambiri pakuyenda kwa zakuthambo, chifukwa nthawi zonse imakhala pamalo omwewo kumwamba, ndikulemba kumpoto kwakumwamba.

Mosiyana ndi Dipper Wamkulu, Dipper Wamng'ono ndi gulu la nyenyezi losaoneka bwino. Magulu a nyenyezi awiriwa akuwoneka kuti akugwirizanitsidwa ndi chogwirira chongoganizira, ndipo palimodzi amapanga "Celestial Cup" yodziwika bwino mumlengalenga wausiku. Komanso, Ursa Minor ili mkati mwa gulu la nyenyezi lalikulu lotchedwa Draco, chomwe ndi gulu la nyenyezi la chinjoka lomwe limatambasulira mlengalenga pafupi ndi kumpoto chakuthambo.

Cassiopeia

Gulu la nyenyezi la Cassiopeia ndi losavuta kuzindikira mumlengalenga usiku chifukwa lili ndi mawonekedwe a "M" kapena "W". Imapezeka pafupi ndi North Celestial Pole, ndikupangitsa kuti iwoneke kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi chaka chonse.

Ili pakati pa magulu a nyenyezi a Perseus ndi Cepheus., ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi odabwitsa. Gulu la nyenyezi limeneli lili ndi nyenyezi zisanu zowala, zomwe zikuimira Mfumukazi Cassiopeia ndi mpando wake wachifumu. Nyenyezi yowala kwambiri ku Cassiopeia imatchedwa Alpha Cassiopeiae.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi za gulu la nyenyezili n’chakuti malo ake kumwamba amasintha usiku wonse komanso nyengo zonse. M'chilimwe, Cassiopeia imakhala pamalo apamwamba kumwamba, pamene m’nyengo yozizira imatha kuwonedwa pafupi ndi chizimezime. Amadziwikanso kuti ndi kwawo kwa imodzi mwa nyenyezi zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zowala kwambiri zomwe zimatchedwa Cassiopeia A. Nyenyeziyi ndi nyenyezi ya neutron, yomwe ndi phata lakugwa la nyenyezi yaikulu yomwe inaphulika ngati supernova.

Canis Wamkulu

Canis Major ndi gulu la nyenyezi lomwe limapezeka usiku wa kumwera kwa dziko lapansi ndipo limadziwika kuti ndi limodzi mwa magulu a nyenyezi owala kwambiri komanso odziwika mosavuta kuthambo. Dzina lake limatanthawuza kwenikweni kuti "galu wamkulu" mu Chilatini, ndipo nyenyezi yake yowala kwambiri ndi Sirius, yomwe ilinso nyenyezi yowala kwambiri m’mwamba usiku. M’nthano zachigiriki, Canis Major amaimira mlenje wa Orion, yemwenso ndi gulu la nyenyezi lapafupi.

Nyenyezi zonse pamodzi zimapanga chithunzi cha galu. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti muli magulu angapo a nebulae ndi nyenyezi, omwe ndi magulu a nyenyezi omwe amapezeka m'dera limodzi la mlengalenga. Imodzi mwamagulu odziwika kwambiri ku Canis Major ndi gulu lotseguka la M41, lomwe limatha kuwonedwa ndi ma telescope ang'onoang'ono ndi ma binoculars.

mtanda wakumpoto

Northern Cross ndi gulu la nyenyezi lomwe limapezeka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndipo limadziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe ake. Nthawi zina amatchedwanso "Little Cross" kuti asiyanitse ndi Southern Cross.

Amapangidwa ndi nyenyezi zinayi zowala, zomwe zimapanga mtanda. Nyenyezi yowala kwambiri pamtanda ndi Polaris, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Nyenyezi ya Kumpoto, ndipo ili kumapeto kwa mtanda. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe a mtanda, imathanso kuzindikirika ndi malo ake kumwamba. Gulu la nyenyezili limapezeka pafupi ndi gulu la nyenyezi la Ursa Major ndipo limawonekera chaka chonse ku Northern Hemisphere.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za Northern Cross ndi kufunikira kwake kwachikhalidwe m'madera ambiri. Kwa zikhalidwe zina zaku North America, Polaris ikuwoneka ngati nyenyezi yofunikira mu cosmology yawo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu miyambo ndi miyambo.

Pomaliza, pakati pa magulu a nyenyezi otchuka timakhalanso ndi magulu onse a nyenyezi a zodiacal monga Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius ndi Pisces.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi chidziwitso ichi mungaphunzire zambiri za magulu a nyenyezi otchuka ndi makhalidwe awo.