chomera cha photovoltaic

Tikudziwa kuti mwa mitundu ya mphamvu zowonjezereka zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi, dzuwa ndilopamwamba kwambiri komanso lodziwika bwino. Malo omwe mphamvu ya dzuwa imasandulika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kuti igwiritse ntchito ili mu chomera cha photovoltaic. Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya magetsi a photovoltaic ndipo aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe ake ndi mphamvu zake.

M'nkhaniyi tikuuzani za maonekedwe a chomera cha photovoltaic, mitundu yomwe ilipo komanso ubwino womwe ali nawo pokhudzana ndi zomera zopangira mphamvu zochokera ku mafuta oyaka.

Makhalidwe a chomera cha photovoltaic

Chomera cha photovoltaic ndi magetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photovoltaic kuti asinthe mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu ya photovoltaic imachitika pamene ma photons agunda chinthu ndikutha kusuntha ma electron, kupanga panopa.

chomera cha photovoltaic Kwenikweni imakhala ndi ma module a photovoltaic ndi inverters. Mapanelo a Photovoltaic ali ndi udindo wotembenuza ma radiation a dzuwa. Kenako, inverter imatembenuza mphamvu yachindunji kukhala mphamvu yapano yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a grid.

Mumtundu uwu wa dzuwa, magetsi onse opangidwa amalowetsedwa muzitsulo zogawa. Opaleshoniyi imapangitsa kuti chipangizocho chizigwira ntchito bwino, chifukwa mphamvu zonse zomwe zimapangidwa motere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chomera chachikulu kwambiri cha photovoltaic padziko lapansi ndi Bhadla Solar Park ku India yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 2.245 MW. Mtengo wonse wa kukhazikitsa ndi 1.200 miliyoni mayuro. Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic imatengedwa ngati gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu chifukwa silitulutsa mpweya woipitsa.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu

Zigawo zazikulu zomwe mtundu uliwonse wa photovoltaic uyenera kukhala nazo, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake, ndi izi:

• Solar panels: Photovoltaic panels ndi msana wa zomera zamtunduwu. Amapangidwa ndi ma cell a photovoltaic omwe amatenga mphamvu kuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikusintha kukhala magetsi olunjika.
• Otsatsa: Magetsi opangidwa ndi ma solar panel ndi omwe amakhala mwachindunji, koma zida zambiri zamagetsi ndi makina amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi osinthira. Ma inverters amasintha magetsi kuchokera pakali pano kupita ku alternating current, ndikupangitsa kuti igwirizane ndi ntchito zapakhomo ndikuphatikiza mu gridi yamagetsi.
• Zothandizira: Ma sola amaikidwa pazingwe zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zizisungidwa bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti zili bwino kudzuwa komanso kutetezedwa ku nyengo yoyipa.
• dongosolo yosungirako (zosankha): Zomera zina za photovoltaic zingaphatikizepo machitidwe osungira mphamvu, monga mabatire, kusunga magetsi ochulukirapo opangidwa masana ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito usiku kapena nthawi yochepa ya dzuwa.
• nyengo nsanja. Ndiko komwe mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yazanyengo imawunikidwa kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa ma radiation adzuwa omwe amalandiridwa kapena akuyembekezeka kulandiridwa.
• Mizere yonyamulira. Ndiwo mizere yomwe imanyamula mphamvu zamagetsi kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito.
• Chipinda chowongolera: Ndi udindo woyang'anira malo omwe zinthu zonse za chomera cha photovoltaic zimagwira ntchito.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga magetsi a photovoltaic ndikuti magawo amagetsi amayenera kuchulukitsidwa kuti aganizire kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu komwe kumayikidwa m'tsogolomu.

Mitundu ya magetsi a photovoltaic

Monga tanenera kale, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera za photovoltaic malingana ndi zofunikira, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zina zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yayikulu yomwe ilipo:

• Zomera zamtundu wa Photovoltaic: Zomera izi zili kumadera akutali komwe kulibe mwayi wopita ku gridi yamagetsi wamba. Amagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo adzuwa kupanga magetsi ndi kuwasunga m'mabatire kuti adzagwiritse ntchito pambuyo pake. Ndiabwino kugwiritsa ntchito monga nyumba zamafamu, malo okwerera nyengo, kapena ma beacons apanyanja.
• Zomera za Photovoltaic zolumikizidwa ndi gridi: Zomera izi zimalumikizidwa ndi njira yamba yogawa magetsi. Amapanga magetsi pamlingo waukulu ndikudyetsa mwachindunji mu gridi, kuti agawidwe kwa ogula. Malowa akhoza kukhala amitundu iwiri:

1. Zomera zazikulu zamphamvu za Photovoltaic: Amadziwikanso kuti malo otseguka opangira magetsi a dzuwa, amapangidwa ndi ma solar ambiri omwe amakonzedwa kudera lalikulu. Atha kukhala m’malo opanda anthu, monga zipululu kapena madera akumidzi, ndi kupanga magetsi ochuluka.
2. Zomera za Photovoltaic padenga: Malo opangira magetsiwa amaikidwa padenga la nyumba zogona, zamalonda kapena zamafakitale. Amagwiritsa ntchito mipata yomwe ilipo padenga kupanga magetsi ndi kudyetsa chakudya chamkati kapena kulowetsa mphamvu zochulukirapo mu gridi yamagetsi.

• Zomera zoyandama za photovoltaic: Zomerazi zimamangidwa m'madzi, monga nyanja kapena madamu. Ma sola amayandama pamwamba pa madzi ndi kupanga magetsi. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wambiri, monga kusungira nthaka, kuchepetsa madzi a nthunzi, ndi zokolola zambiri chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa madzi.
• Zomera zonyamula za photovoltaic: Zomerazi zidapangidwa kuti zizinyamulidwa ndikuziyika m'malo osiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa mwadzidzidzi kapena m'malo osakhalitsa komwe magetsi amafunikira, monga kumisasa kapena zochitika zakunja.

Momwe chomera cha photovoltaic chimagwirira ntchito

M'chipinda chowongolera, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse zamafakitale kumayang'aniridwa. M'chipinda chowongolera, chimalandira chidziwitso kuchokera ku nsanja za meteorological, inverters, makabati apano, malo ocheperako, etc. Njira yosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa ya photovoltaic kukhala magetsi ndi motere:

Kutembenuka kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala yolunjika

Ma Photocell ali ndi udindo wojambula ma radiation adzuwa ndikusandutsa kukhala magetsi. Nthawi zambiri, zopangidwa ndi silicon chida cha semiconductor chomwe chimathandizira mphamvu ya photoelectric. Photon ikagundana ndi selo la dzuwa, electron imatulutsidwa. Magetsi amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a Direct current kudzera mu kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi ambiri aulere.

Mphamvu yopangira mphamvu idzadalira nyengo (ma radiation, chinyezi, kutentha ...). Malingana ndi nyengo pa mphindi iliyonse, kuchuluka kwa ma radiation a dzuwa omwe maselo a photovoltaic adzalandira adzakhala osiyana. Pachifukwa ichi, nsanja ya meteorological imamangidwa mu chomera cha dzuwa.

Kusintha kwa DC kukhala AC

Photovoltaic panels amapanga mwachindunji panopa. Komabe, Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayenda kudzera pa netiweki yopatsirana imatero ngati njira yosinthira. Kuti muchite izi, magetsi olunjika ayenera kusinthidwa kukhala alternating current.

Choyamba, mphamvu ya DC yochokera ku solar panel imaperekedwa ku nduna ya DC. Mu nduna iyi, yapano imasinthidwa kukhala alternating current ndi inverter yamagetsi. Zapano zimaperekedwa ku nduna ya AC.

Kuyendetsa ndi kupereka magetsi

Zomwe zikufika pa nduna ya AC sizinakonzekere kudyetsa gululi. Choncho, mphamvu zamagetsi kwaiye amadutsa pakati pa kutembenuka komwe kumasinthidwa ndi mphamvu ndi magetsi a mizere yotumizira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa ogula.

Ndikuyembekeza kuti ndi chidziwitsochi mungaphunzire zambiri za chomera cha photovoltaic ndi makhalidwe ake.