Alfred Wegener anali ndani?

Ku sekondale mumaphunzira kuti makontinenti sanayime chilili m'mbiri yonse ya Dziko Lapansi. M'malo mwake, akusuntha mosalekeza. Alfred Wegener anali wasayansi yemwe adapereka Chiphunzitso chaku Continental pa Januware 6, 1921. Ili ndi lingaliro lomwe lidasinthiratu mbiri yasayansi kuyambira pomwe idasintha lingaliro lamphamvu zakumtunda. Chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiphunzitsochi chakuyenda kwamakontinenti, kasinthidwe ka Dziko lapansi ndi nyanja zidasinthidwa kwathunthu.

Dziwani zambiri za mbiri ya munthu yemwe adapanga lingaliro lofunika ili komanso yemwe adayambitsa mikangano yambiri. Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri 🙂

Alfred Wegener ndi ntchito yake

Wegener anali msirikali wankhondo waku Germany, pulofesa wazanyengo, komanso woyenda woyamba. Ngakhale chiphunzitso chomwe adapereka chikugwirizana ndi geology, katswiri wazanyengo adatha kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zili mkatikati mwa Dziko lapansi ndikudziyikira paumboni wasayansi. Amatha kulongosola mosasintha kusunthika kwa makontinenti, kudalira umboni wowoneka bwino wa geological.

Osangokhala umboni wa nthaka, koma zamoyo, paleontological, meteorological ndi geophysical. Wegener amayenera kuchita kafukufuku wozama pamtambo wapadziko lapansi. Maphunzirowa atha kukhala maziko a chiphunzitso chamakono cha ma tectonics a mbale. Zowona kuti Alfred Wegener adatha kukhazikitsa lingaliro lomwe makontinenti angasunthire. Komabe, adalibe tanthauzo lokhutiritsa lazomwe zingathe kumusuntha.

Chifukwa chake, atatha maphunziro osiyanasiyana othandizidwa ndi chiphunzitso cha kuyendetsa kontrakitala, pansi panyanja ndi padzikoomagnetism, tectonics ya mbale idatuluka. Mosiyana ndi zomwe zikudziwika masiku ano, Alfred Wegener amaganiza potengera kayendedwe ka makontinenti osati ma mbale a tectonic. Lingaliro ili lidapitilizabe kukhala lodabwitsa chifukwa, ngati ndi choncho, lingabweretse zovuta m'mitundu ya anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhudzanso kulimba mtima kulingalira gulu lalikulu lomwe lidayendetsa makontinenti onse. Izi zidachitika motero zimatanthawuza kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa dziko lapansi ndi nyanja m'kupita kwa nthawi ya geological.

Ngakhale sanapeze chifukwa chomwe makontinenti akusunthira, anali ndi mwayi waukulu kusonkhanitsa maumboni onse munthawi yake kuti akhazikitse gululi.

Mbiri ndi zoyambira

Pamene Wegener adayamba pa sayansi, anali wokondwa kufufuza Greenland. Anakopeka kwambiri ndi sayansi yomwe inali yamakono: Zanyengo. Kalelo, kuyerekezera mawonekedwe amlengalenga omwe amayambitsa mafunde ambiri ndi mphepo zinali zovuta kwambiri komanso zolondola. Komabe, Wegener amafuna kuchita nawo sayansi yatsopanoyi. Pokonzekera maulendo ake opita ku Antarctica, adadziwitsidwa za mapulogalamu ataliatali. Amadziwanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ma kite ndi mabaluni pakuwona nyengo.

Anasintha luso lake komanso luso lake mdziko la aeronautics, mpaka kufika polemba mbiri mu 1906, limodzi ndi mchimwene wake Kurt. Mbiri yomwe adaika ndiyoti iwuluka kwa maola 52 popanda zosokoneza. Kukonzekera konseku kudakhala kopindulitsa pomwe adasankhidwa kukhala katswiri wazanyengo paulendo waku Denmark womwe udalowera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Greenland. Ulendowu unatha pafupifupi zaka 2.

Munthawi ya Wegener ku Greenland, adachita maphunziro osiyanasiyana asayansi zanyengo, geology, ndi glaciology. Chifukwa chake, atha kupanga bwino kuti atsimikizire umboni womwe ungatsutse kukokoloka kwa kontinenti. Pa ulendowu anali ndi zopinga zingapo komanso kuphedwa, koma sizinamulepheretse kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino. Ankaonedwa kuti ndi woyendetsa bwino, komanso woyenda kumalo ozungulira.

Atabwerera ku Germany, adasonkhanitsa magawo ambiri azanyengo ndi nyengo. Kwa chaka cha 1912 adapanga maulendo ena atsopano, nthawi ino akupita ku Greenland. Adapanga pamodzi Wofufuza ku Denmark JP Koch. Anayenda ulendo wawutali wapansi pamadzi oundana. Ndi ulendowu adamaliza maphunziro ake mu climatology ndi glaciology.

Pambuyo poyenda kontrakitala

Sizinenenedwe zambiri za zomwe Alfred Wegener adachita atatha kuwonekera panjira yadziko lonse. Mu 1927, adaganiza zopita ulendo wina ku Greenland mothandizidwa ndi Germany Research Association. Pambuyo pa chidziwitso ndi mbiri yomwe adapeza ndi chiphunzitso chakuyenda kontinenti, ndiye anali woyenera kwambiri kutsogolera ulendowu.

Cholinga chachikulu chinali lkuti timange nyengo zomwe zingalole kuti zikhale ndi nyengo molongosoka. Mwanjira imeneyi, zidziwitso zambiri za mkuntho ndi momwe zimakhudzira ndege za transatlantic zitha kupezeka. Zolinga zina zidakonzedwanso pankhani yazanyengo ndi glaciology kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chomwe makontinenti asunthira.

Ulendo wofunikira kwambiri mpaka pamenepo unachitika mchaka cha 1029. Ndi kafukufukuyu, deta yolondola idapezeka panthawi yomwe anali. Ndipo ndikuti zinali zotheka kudziwa kuti makulidwe a ayezi amapitilira mita 1800 kuzama.

Ulendo wake womaliza

Ulendo wachinayi komanso womaliza udachitika mu 1930 ndi zovuta zazikulu kuyambira pachiyambi. Zothandizira zochokera kumtunda sizinafike panthawi yake. Zima zinalowa mwamphamvu ndipo zinali chifukwa chokwanira kuti Alfred Wegener ayesetse kupereka malo okhala. Malowa anali ovuta ndi mphepo yamkuntho komanso chipale chofewa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Greenlanders omwe adalemba ntchito achoke. Mkuntho uwu udakhala pachiwopsezo cha kupulumuka.

Otsalira omwe adatsalira a Wegener adayenera kuvutika mwezi wa Seputembala. Osapeza chilichonse, anafika kokwerera mu Okutobala ndi mnzake anali atazimiririka. Sanathe kupitiriza ulendowu. Mkhalidwe wovuta momwe munalibe chakudya kapena mafuta (panali anthu awiri okha mwa asanu omwe analipo).

Popeza zoperekazo zidalibe, kunali koyenera kupita kokakonzekera. Wegener ndi mnzake Rasmus Villumsen ndiomwe adabwerera kunyanja. Alfred anakondwerera chikondwerero chake cha makumi asanu pa Novembala 1, 1930 ndipo tinatuluka m'mawa mwake kukatenga chakudya. Pakusaka kwa zinthuzo zidadziwika kuti panali mphepo yamphamvu ndipo kutentha kwa -50 ° C. Pambuyo pake, sanawaonenso amoyo. Thupi la Wegener lidapezeka pansi pa chipale chofewa pa Meyi 8, 1931, atakulungidwa mchikwama chake chogona. Thupi la mnzakeyo kapena zolemba zake sizinapezeke, komwe amaganiza zomaliza.

Thupi lake lidakalipobe, likutsikira pang'onopang'ono mu madzi oundana, omwe tsiku lina adzayandama ngati madzi oundana.