Kedu ihe bụ meridians

Anyị niile ahụla maapụ nhazi ebe enwere meridian akara. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-amaghị nke ọma Kedu ihe bụ meridians. Meridians na myirịta bụ ahịrị echiche abụọ nke a na-ahazikarị ụwa na mpaghara ala. Site na ha, a na-ewepụta usoro nhazi nke na-enye ohere kpọmkwem ebe ọ bụla isi ihe dị n'ụwa dabere na latitude na ogologo ya.

N'isiokwu a, anyị na-agwa gị ihe ndị meridians bụ, ihe njirimara ha bụ na mkpa ha dị.

Kedu ihe bụ meridians

Kpọmkwem, meridian bụ ahịrị kwụ ọtọ nke anyị nwere ike kewaa ụwa n'ime nha nha. Ha niile na-amalite na North Pole wee gbasaa na South (na ntụgharị). Ahịrị ndị yiri ya, n'aka nke ọzọ. bụ otu ahịrị kwụ ọtọ. Ahịrị 0 yiri ya bụ equator. Tinyegharịa myirịta ndị ọzọ site n'ịbịaru obere okirikiri na ugwu na ndịda hemispheres. Nchikota nke ahịrị abụọ a na-etolite grid.

Ụdị ahịrị abụọ ahụ nwere ebe ntụaka nke enwere ike isi gụpụta ahịrị ogologo na latitude, na-eji sexagesimal (apụtara dị ka ndị a: degrees°, nkeji na sekọnd):

• Ndị Meridian. A na-atụ ha n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ akụkụ nke ọ bụla (1°), malite na ihe a na-akpọ 0° meridian ma ọ bụ Greenwich meridian, kpọmkwem ebe dị n'ofe London ebe Royal Greenwich Observatory guzoro n'otu oge. Site n'ebe ahụ, a pụrụ iwere ndị meridian n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ bụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, dabere na nghazi ha na axis ahụ, e kewara ụwa n'ime akụkụ 360 ma ọ bụ "gajos".
• Myirịta. A na-atụ ha site na equator, na-eburu n'uche akụkụ ndị ha na-etolite n'ihe gbasara axis nke ntụgharị ụwa: 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° na 75°, ha nile n'ebe ugwu (eg, 30°N) , dị ka ndịda (30° S).

Aplicaciones

Mmetụta ngwa nke sistemu a na-aghọ:

• Usoro mpaghara oge, nke Meridian kpebiri. Ugbu a, a na-eji usoro GMT (Greenwich Mean Time, "Greenwich Mean Time") na-anọchi anya oge n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ụwa, na-agbakwunye ma ọ bụ na-ewepu awa dịka meridian na-achị obodo ọ bụla. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mpaghara oge Argentina bụ GMT-3, ebe mpaghara Pakistan bụ GMT+5.
• Usoro ihu igwe nke ụwa, kpebisiri ike site na ahịrị ndị yiri ya. N'ime ihe a na-akpọ myirịta ise dị iche iche, ha bụ (si n'ebe ugwu ruo n'ebe ndịda): Arctic Circle (66° 32' 30» N), Tropic of Cancer (23° 27'N), Equator (0°), Tropic of Cancer. (23 Celsius 27 'S) na Antarctic Circle (66° 33' S), ụwa kewara n'ime mpaghara ihu igwe ma ọ bụ mpaghara mbara igwe, nke bụ: ebe okpomọkụ, mpaghara ihu igwe abụọ na mpaghara abụọ glacial ma ọ bụ pola. Onye ọ bụla nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe yiri nke ahụ n'ihi ọnọdụ latitude ya.
• Usoro nhazi zuru ụwa ọnụ. Nke a na-enye ohere iji ngwaọrụ geolocation dị ka GPS (Sistemụ ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ụwa, "Sistemụ ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ụwa").

Dị ka anyị hụrụ na nke gara aga, grid na-apụta site na ngwakọta nke meridians (longitudes) na latitudes (latitudes). Usoro nhazi mpaghara nwere ihe nleba anya uru nke ebe mpaghara site na ndekọ ọnụọgụgụ nke latitude na longitude na sexagesimal.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nhazi ala nke Moscow bụ 55 ° 45' 8" N (ya bụ, latitude ya dị n'ebe ugwu dị n'etiti 55th na 56th parallel) na 37 ° 36' 56" E (ya bụ, ogologo ya) bụ. dị n'etiti myirịta 37 na 38 n'etiti warps). Taa, usoro ntinye satịlaịtị dịka GPS na-arụ ọrụ na sistemụ.

Greenwich Meridian

Ụzọ kacha mma isi mata Greenwich Meridian bụ ịga London. onye amụrụ na Royal Greenwich Observatory, ndịda isi obodo Britain. A maghị ebe ahụ, mana ọ bụ ebe ezumike dị mma maka njem gaa London n'ime ụbọchị atọ. Royal Greenwich Observatory bụ ntụaka iji ghọta mgbe na ihe kpatara Greenwich Meridian pụtara.

Royal Greenwich Observatory nwere ngosipụta banyere mkpa ọ dị oge, etu esi hazie Meridian ahụ, yana nkwekọrịta ndị sochirinụ site na mba ụwa iji guzobe usoro iheomume site na ya. Ọzọkwa, site na ebe a na-edebe ihe nkiri, ị nwere ike ịhụ echiche dị iche na London (ọ bụrụhaala na anwụ na-acha).

A na-eji Greenwich meridian akara oge ọkọlọtọ ụwa. Nke a bụ mgbakọ, e kwekọrịtakwara na Greenwich, n’ihi na ná Nzukọ Ụwa e nwere na 1884, e kpebisiri ike na ọ ga-abụ mmalite nke efu meridian. N'oge ahụ, Alaeze Ukwu Briten nọ n'oge mgbasawanye ya kasị ukwuu, a chọkwara ime otú ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na alaeze ukwu nke oge ahụ dị iche, taa anyị ga-ekwu ebe dị iche, dị ka efu meridian. Malite na Greenwich meridian, a na-edozi mpaghara oge ọdabara obodo na mpaghara ọ bụla.

Ọnọdụ dị na mba Europe dị ịtụnanya n'ihi na enwere ọtụtụ mpaghara oge na mpaghara Europe, mana dịka ntuziaka 2000/84 si kwuo, mba ndị mejupụtara European Union kpebiri idobe otu oge na mpaghara oge niile iji kwalite ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na azụmahịa. . A na-etinye omenala a n'ọtụtụ mba kemgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ, mgbe a na-eji ya dị ka ụzọ iji chekwaa mmanụ ụgbọala. Mana a na-eji Greenwich meridian mgbe niile dịka ntụaka.

Oge mgbanwe n’oge oyi na-eme na Sọnde ikpeazụ n’ime Ọktọba ma na-agụnye ịmegharị elekere n’ihu otu awa. N'aka nke ọzọ, oge mgbanwe n'oge ọkọchị na-apụta na Sọnde ikpeazụ na Machị, nke pụtara ịmegharị elekere n'ihu otu awa.

Ebe ọmụmụ Greenwich meridian bụ London. Dị ka anyị kwuru na mbụ, meridian a na-ejikọta North na South Poles, si otú ahụ gbasaa ọtụtụ mba na ọtụtụ isi. Ọmụmaatụ, Greenwich meridian gafere n'obodo Spain nke Castellón de la Plana. A na-ahụ ihe ịrịba ama ọzọ maka ngafe nke Meridian na kilomita 82.500 nke okporo ụzọ AP-2 na Huesca.

Mana, n'eziokwu, Meridian na-agafe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Spain, site na ịbanye Pyrenees ruo nkwụsị ya site na El Serrallo refinery na Castellón de la Plana.

Enwere m olileanya na site na ozi a, ị ga-amụtakwu banyere ihe meridians bụ na njirimara ha.