optical refraction

La optical refraction Nws yog ib qho tshwm sim uas tshwm sim thaum lub teeb ntog obliquely ntawm qhov sib cais ntawm ob lub xov xwm, yog li lub teeb hloov kev coj thiab ceev. Nws yog dav siv hauv optics thiab physics nrog rau hauv astronomy.

Yog li ntawd, peb yuav mob siab rau tsab xov xwm no los qhia rau koj txhua yam koj xav paub txog optical refraction, nws cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov tseem ceeb.

Dab tsi yog optical refraction

Optical refraction yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej ntawm ib qho khoom nruab nrab mus rau lwm qhov thaum lub sijhawm nthuav tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv cov kev taw qhia thiab kev hloov pauv sai sai. Nws yog cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev xav ntawm lub teeb thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim ib txhij.

Lub teeb tuaj yeem taug kev hauv cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm xws li Lub tshuab nqus tsev, dej, cua, pob zeb diamond, iav, quartz, glycerin, thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv pob tshab lossis cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj. Hauv txhua qhov nruab nrab, lub teeb mus ntawm qhov sib txawv.

Piv txwv li, lub teeb yog refracted thaum taug kev los ntawm huab cua mus rau dej, qhov twg lub kaum sab xis thiab ceev ntawm kev mus los hloov. Cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no koom nrog txhua qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb refraction:

• xwm txheej xob laim: lub teeb ci uas ncav cuag qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ob qhov xov xwm.
• Refracted Raj: Ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb uas khoov thaum lub nthwv dej hla ib qho chaw.
• Qub: Xav txog kab perpendicular rau saum npoo, tsim los ntawm qhov chaw uas ob lub rays sib ntsib.
• Lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov xwm txheej: Lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov teeb meem hluav taws xob thiab qhov qub.
• lub kaum sab xis refraction: Lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov hluav taws xob refracted thiab qhov qub.

Optical refraction phenomenon

Thaum lub teeb ntog rau ntawm qhov chaw uas cais ob lub xov xwm, xws li huab cua thiab dej, ib feem ntawm qhov teeb meem teeb pom kev, thaum lwm qhov yog refracted thiab dhau los ntawm qhov nruab nrab thib ob.

Thaum qhov tshwm sim ntawm refraction feem ntau siv rau lub teeb nthwv dej, cov ntsiab lus siv rau txhua qhov nthwv dej, suav nrog suab thiab hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

Cov kev cai lij choj txiav txim los ntawm Huygens uas tswj kev txav ntawm txhua qhov nthwv dej tau ua tiav:

• Qhov xwm txheej, cuam tshuam thiab refracted rays nyob hauv tib lub dav hlau.
• Lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev xav yog sib npaug., kev nkag siab los ntawm cov ces kaum tsim los ntawm qhov teeb meem hluav taws xob thiab cov hluav taws xob reflected, feem, perpendicular mus rau qhov sib cais deg kos rau ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

Qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb nyob ntawm qhov nruab nrab los ntawm qhov uas nws mus, rau yog li lub denser cov khoom, qhov qeeb qeeb ntawm lub teeb thiab vice versa. Yog li thaum lub teeb mus los ntawm qhov nruab nrab tsawg (huab cua) rau lub ntsej muag zoo dua qub (lub kaum sab xis

Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias lub teeb ci dhau los ntawm qhov nruab nrab denser mus rau qhov nruab nrab tsawg dua, yuav refrac deb ntawm qhov qub, kom lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov xwm txheej yuav tsawg dua lub kaum sab xis ntawm refraction.

Qhov tseem ceeb

Peb twb tau hais tias optical refraction yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm lub cev uas tshwm sim thaum lub teeb dhau los ntawm ib qho nruab nrab mus rau lwm qhov nrog qhov sib txawv. Qhov tshwm sim no tseem ceeb heev hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub thiab hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.

Ib qho piv txwv feem ntau ntawm optical refraction yog qhov tsim ntawm zaj sawv. Thaum tshav ntuj dhau los ntawm cov tee dej hauv qhov chaw, lub teeb yog refracted thiab tawg ntawm cov wavelengths sib txawv, yog li tsim cov spectrum ntawm cov xim peb pom hauv zaj sawv. Qhov tshwm sim no kuj tseem siv rau hauv lub lens optics thiab hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag, xws li lub koob yees duab lo ntsiab muag, microscopes, thiab telescopes.

Ntxiv thiab, optical refraction yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho ntawm tib neeg lub zeem muag. Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau peb lub qhov muag, nws yog refracted los ntawm lub cornea thiab lens los tsim ib daim duab ntawm lub retina. Yog tias qhov muag tsis pom qhov pom kev zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis pom kev xws li pom ze, pom deb, thiab astigmatism. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kho cov teeb meem refractive no thiab tso cai rau lub teeb kom zoo rau hauv lub qhov muag.

Hauv kev lag luam, optical refraction yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab thiab ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem. Hauv cov tshuaj, optical refraction yog siv los ntsuas qhov ntom thiab refraction ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lom, tso cai rau kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm cov kab mob.

Yog tsis muaj optical refraction, duab, kho qhov muag, kev tsim cov lo ntsiab muag thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho qhov muag, kuaj kab mob, thiab ntau lwm yam kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis uas txhim kho peb lub neej zoo yuav ua tsis tau.

Piv txwv ntawm optical refraction

Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm optical refraction tuaj yeem pom hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• Teaspoon hauv teacup: Thaum peb muab ib lub teaspoon rau hauv ib khob tshuaj yej, peb pom tau tias nws crumbles. Nws yog cov nyhuv ntawm refraction ntawm lub teeb uas ua rau qhov pom qhov muag tsis pom kev. Tib yam tshwm sim tshwm sim thaum peb muab xaum los yog ib qho quav rau hauv dej. Cov nkhaus illusions no yog tsim los ntawm lub refraction ntawm lub teeb.
• Zaj sawv: Zaj sawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb thaum nws dhau los ntawm cov dej me me ntawm cov dej tshem tawm hauv qhov chaw. Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau thaj chaw no, nws tawg thiab tsim cov yeeb yuj.
• sun halo: Qhov no yog ib qho xwm txheej zoo li zaj sawv uas tshwm sim hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb lossis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog tsim thaum cov dej khov sib sau ua ke hauv troposphere, refracting lub teeb thiab tawg, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv cov xim rings nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teeb.
• Lub teeb yog refracted nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb diamond: Pob zeb diamond tseem cuam tshuam lub teeb, muab faib ua ntau yam xim.
• Cov tsom iav thiab tsom iav tsom iav: Cov tsom iav loj thiab cov lo ntsiab muag uas peb siv yog raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub teeb refraction, vim hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau ntes lub teeb thiab distort daim duab kom nws thiaj li txhais tau ntawm qhov muag liab qab.
• hnub nyob hauv hiav txwv: Peb tuaj yeem pom lub hnub ci hloov lub kaum sab xis thiab nrawm, thiab tawg thaum nws hla saum npoo thiab tawm mus rau hiav txwv.
• Lub teeb los ntawm stained iav: Lub teeb refraction kuj tshwm sim los ntawm iav los yog siv lead ua, uas lim lub teeb thiab diffuses rau hauv ib puag ncig.

Kuv vam tias nrog cov ntaub ntawv no koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog kev kho qhov muag thiab nws cov yam ntxwv.