Ke au ʻo Humboldt

ʻO ke aniau o ʻAmelika Hema he ʻokoʻa loa ia ma muli o ke kūlana ʻāina, ka lewa a me nā kumu kai. I ka hihia kikoʻī o Chile a me Peru, pono ka mea moana ma muli o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻĀina ʻo Humboldt.

Akā, He aha kona kumu a he aha nā hopena i loaʻa i ke aniau? E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia āpau a me nā mea hou aʻe i kēia kūikawā.

He aha ke kahawai ʻo Humboldt?

ʻO kēia au, i ʻike ʻia ma ke au o Peru, ʻO ia kahi kai kai i kū i ka piʻina o nā wai hohonu a, no laila, anuanu loa, i kū mai ma kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema.. Ua wehewehe ʻia e ka mea kūlohelohe Kelemania ʻo Alexander von Humboldt i kāna hana "Huakaʻi i nā wahi equinoctial o nā New Continents" i paʻi ʻia ma 1807.

ʻO ia ke kahawai wai anuanu nui loa i ka honua, a ʻo kekahi hoʻi o nā hopena i ʻike nui ʻia i ke aniau, i kēia hihia, nā kahakai o Chile a me Peru ma muli o nā hopena i hui ʻia o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pōʻai honua a me ka ikaika centrifugal o nā wai kai ma ke kai kūʻē kaulike.

I ka puka ʻana mai ka hohonu o ke kahakai, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kona mau wai, ma kahi o 4ºC, a kahe ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ma ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema, kūlike i ke kapakai a hiki i ka latitu o ka ʻekelika. . No kēia kumu, ka mahana o kēia mau wai ma waena o 5 a 10ºC haʻahaʻa ma mua o kona, e noʻonoʻo nei i kona wahi a me kahi kokoke i ka equator.

Nui ka momona o nā wai anuanu: kikoʻī, loaʻa nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā nitrates a me nā phosphates mai ke kai, kahi e hiki ai i ka phytoplankton ke hānai, a laila, hiki ke hanau wikiwiki a lilo i ʻāpana o ka papaʻai o ka zooplankton, kahi e hānai ai nā holoholona nui a me nā kānaka pū kekahi.

Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke aniau, ʻoiai he mānoanoa a me ka wao akua, mahalo i ke au o Humboldt ʻo kekahi mau mea kanu paʻa loa, e like me ka cacti ma ka wao akua ʻo Sonoran, hiki ke ola ma muli o ka nui o ka noe a me nā noe i hoʻoluhi ʻia ma kahakai.

Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole puka mai ke au, a lawe ka makani ʻākau i ka wai mehana i ka hema. Ke hiki mai kēia, kahi wai mehana, i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa ʻo El Niño, i pani i ka piʻi ʻana o nā mahana ma kahi o 10ºC, ke kuhi nei ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka flora a me nā holoholona kai, a me kahi hoʻoweliweli no ke ola o kēlā mau holoholona terrestrial e hānai ana iā ia, e like me nā manu.

Nā hopena ma ke aniau

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, he wela ka ʻāina o nā kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema, wao akua. Ma muli o ka latitude, he tropical a subtropical paha ia, akā no ka mea aia ma waena o 5 a 10ºC mau wai ma lalo o kā lākou. anuanu ka lewa.

No laila, ma kahi he wahi o nā ulu ulu ulu a me nā mahana mahana, i nā wahi e pili ana i kēia au ʻike mākou i nā wao kai kahawai anuanu, e like me ka Atacama, nona ka mahana mai -25ºC a 50ºC, a ʻo ia hoʻi kahi maloʻo loa o ka Honua. ʻOiai kokoke i ka equator, ʻuʻuku ka ua a he mau mea kanu a holoholona wale nō ke ola.

Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona:

• Nā kanu: Ricinus komunis, Shizopetalon tenuifolium, Senecio myriophyllus, Copiapoa
• Animales: liona kai, ʻalopeke, nahesa lōʻihi lōʻihi, ʻenuhe, pule mantis, moʻo huikoa

Hoʻololi paha ka huliau i ka Humboldt i kēia manawa?

Minamina ʻae. ʻO ke anuanu a me nā wai alkaline ke kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen, mahalo i hiki i nā holoholona ke noho i loko o lākou, akā ʻO ka wai i aneane deoxygenated loaʻa kahi maʻamau e laha i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, no laila ua pono i kekahi e hele i kahi ʻē; Eia nō naʻe, ua makemake ʻia kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe, e like me ka heleuma o Peruvian, a ua hiki ke hoʻohua ma ke ʻano i kēia lā ua nui lākou i nā moku lawaiʻa.

ʻO ka wai ʻo Peruvian a me Chile ke hoʻowahāwahā nei lākou ma muli o ka hoʻomehana honua. A ma muli o kēia kaʻina hana, hiki i ke aniau o nā kapakai o ʻAmelika Hema ke hoʻololi i kekahi lā, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke kaiaola.

Eia hou, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hanana El Niño a aia kekahi mau loea e ʻōlelo nei, i ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka Honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka haunaele e lilo ai ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili wale i ke aniau e hana ana i nā maloʻo nui a me nā kahe wai, akā i nā mea kanu hoʻi. A ʻo kahi hopena, e lilo ke kumu kūʻai o ka meaʻai i mea pipiʻi e like me ka paʻakikī e hana.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka El Niño ʻoi loa ka hewa ma 1997, akā ʻo ka 2016 like ʻane like. Me nā wai mehana, e hele a ikaika loa nā phenomena meteorological e like me ka makani ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​puahiohio.

Maopopo iā ʻoe ke au o Humboldt?