Galena: nā mea a pau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike

No nā kenekulia, makaʻu loa ka poʻe lawaiʻa o ke Kai Cantabrian i ka gale. ʻO ko lākou ʻano pōkole i kēlā manawa a me nā makani kiʻekiʻe e pili ana iā lākou i mea hoʻoweliweli weliweli, me nā hopena koʻikoʻi no ko lākou mau moku palupalu a me ko lākou ola ponoʻī. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua holomua ka wānana ʻana i ke aniau a ʻoi aku ka wānana i kēia manawa, ʻoiai he mau hanana kūloko kēia, pono e hoʻohana i nā hiʻohiʻona mesoscale no ka wānana.

No kēia kumu, e hoʻolaʻa mākou i kēia ʻatikala e haʻi iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka makani, kona ʻano a me nā hopena.

Pehea ke kumu o ka makani

ʻO ka mea mua e wehewehe aia nā ʻano ʻino like ʻole no ka mea hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka makani mua ke kumu o ke alo. No ka mea, ʻike ʻia lākou ma ka palapala ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka wānana a maʻalahi hoʻi ka wānana. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki a, ʻoiai lākou e pili nui ana i nā kahakai, hiki pū lākou i loko.

I nā kūlana makani kiʻekiʻe maʻamau, pili wale i ke kai, he hanana kahakai wale nō. He ʻano maʻamau ia o ke kauwela, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā lā wela loa a hiki mai ma hope o ke awakea. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka hopena o ka punawai a i ʻole ka hāʻule mua. ʻO ke kī o kona hoʻokumu ʻana he wela ikaika a me ka gradient kaomi ma waena o ka hikina a me ke komohana Cantabrian. ʻO ka wahi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ka ʻākau o ka peninsula e makemake i ka hele ʻana o ka ea mahana i hoʻololi koke ʻia e ka ea moana anuanu a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, me kahi ʻāpana komohana komohana.

ʻO ka makani ikaika, hiki ke lōʻihi no hoʻokahi hola. uhi i ka lani me nā ao stratus a me ka noe, me nā ʻino ma waena o 50 a 90 km/h, a me nā ʻōhū ikaika me nā nalu ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mika, e kau ana ka ana wela.

I loko o ka makani ʻino maʻamau, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā kūlana climatic ʻelua. Hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi ma nā ʻawaʻawa barometric, ʻo kekahi ma muli o ka makani hikina māmā. ʻO ka hope i manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka pōʻino no ka mea, hiki i ka makani hikina mau ke pale aku i ke ʻano o ka makani o ke ao, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.

Aia wale lākou i ke Kai Cantabrian?

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pale topographic like a kokoke i ke kahakai, i kēia hihia ʻo Cantabrian Mountains, He mea nui ia i ka wā e hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka makani. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, ua like nā hanana makani me nā hiʻohiʻona topographic like. ʻO ka makani Pampero ma Argentina kahi laʻana o ka hoʻololi koke ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao makani e hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena like. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like like ma Australia a i Kaleponi.

makani ino loa

ʻO ka holomua o ka wānana ʻana i ka wā, nā ʻōnaehana ʻike a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha mua e hōʻoia i ka hopena o ka makani kiʻekiʻe i kēia lā e like me ka wā ma mua.

Ua kaulana ʻo ka makani ʻino o ʻApelila 20, 1878 i make ma mua o 300 mau kānaka, me nā lawaiʻa mai Cantabria a me ka ʻāina Basque. ʻO ka mea make loa ma ka moʻolelo. Ua ukali ʻia e nā hōʻike ma ʻAukake 12, 1912. 15 mau moku i piholo a 143 mau kānaka i make. He makani pahū ia i hoʻoulu ai i ka makani ikaika ma ia manawa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole i hiki ke kamaʻilio e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia, a ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Finisterre no ka loli ʻana o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole i hiki ka ʻike i ka ʻAhahui lawaiʻa Vizcaya. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke koena o ka poʻe lawaiʻa Cantabrian ʻaʻole e hele i ka lawaiʻa i kēlā lā, akā ua hana nā lawaiʻa Bermeo. No laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i make mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Biscayan ʻo Bermeo.

Nui loa ka nui o ka pōʻino Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka mōʻaukala ma o nā ʻatikala, nā puke a me nā palapala.

Nā ʻano makani

ʻO Frontal

• Ka makani: Ma ka ʻāina, pili ka makani ikaika loa i nā wahi kahakai, ʻoiai ke piʻi aʻe nei i uka (i nā makani kiʻekiʻe maʻamau, ua kaupalena ʻia i kahakai). Ua like ka haunaele me ke kai, e pili ana i na wahi kahakai (20 mile). Inā haʻalele ʻoe mai Asturias, hiki i ka makani ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 120 km/h. Inā ʻoe e hoʻomaka mai Cantabria, hiki i ka gusts ma kahakai o Vizcaya ke hiki i 100 km / h.
• Ka ao: i ka pā ʻana o ka makani hema, piʻi ka helu a me ka mānoanoa o nā ao waena a kiʻekiʻe, nā ao haʻahaʻa (ʻoiai ʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau), a piʻi ka cumulus a me ka stratocumulus i ka wā e loli ai ka makani. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻano o nā ao cumulonimbus me ke kaomi lewa maʻamau a haʻahaʻa iki paha, e emi mālie ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka hanana, ʻaʻole lākou e iho ma lalo o 1012 mbar ma ka ʻilikai. Hiki iā lākou ke noho paʻa i ka wā o ka evolution.
• Mahana: He kiʻekiʻe ka mahana ma mua, a hiki i nā makani hema ke kōkua i kēia piʻi. Hāʻule liʻiliʻi lākou ma mua o ka loli ʻana o ka makani, a laila hāʻule koke a wikiwiki hoʻi i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka makani. Hiki ke hāʻule ka mahana i 14ºC i ke kauwela.
• ʻEa haʻahaʻa: piʻi ka haʻahaʻa pili o ka ea mai 35-45% ma mua o ka makani a ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% ma hope o ka makani.

maʻamau

• Makani: Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano makani ikaika maʻamau ʻelua, ʻo ka barometric swamp a me ke kahe ʻana o ka S. I loko o kahi swamp barometric, ua mālie ke kakahiaka a me ke kakahiaka nui, a i ʻole he nāwaliwali loa ka makani hema. Hoʻokahi hola a ʻelua paha i hala aku nei, aia paha nā wā o nā makani E-component mehana (i kekahi manawa e hoʻololi ʻia me nā wā o S). Hiki koke, neʻe ka makani i ke komohana ʻākau.
• Kapua: nā kakahiaka ʻōpuʻu me ka lani māmā a i ʻole kekahi mau ao cirrus. ʻO ka noe ma ka ʻilikai; hiki nō hoʻi ke loaʻa ka ʻehu māmā ma ka ʻāina.
• Puʻe ka ea: ma mua, i ka wā a ma hope o kēia kaʻina hana, hiki iā lākou ke noho mālie, ʻoiai hiki ke iho i lalo. ʻaneʻane mau lākou a i ʻole (1014 ± 1)mb.
• Mahana: kiʻekiʻe a ala koke paha i ke kakahiaka. I ke awakea, hiki ke hōʻailona i ka ana wela i ka 27ºC inā ʻo Iune, 30ºC inā ʻo Iulai a i ʻAukake a me 29ºC inā ʻo Kepakemapa. Ua piʻi aʻe ka mahana i ke kakahiaka nui. Ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa 8ºC ma waena o ka wela o ka lewa a me ke kai, he mea mālama mua kēia kūlana. ʻOi aku ka wela ma muli o ka hopena o ka lā ma mua o ka advection o nā ea. Kakaʻikahi ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mahana ma mua o nā pae wela i ana ʻia i loko o ka wai kai. Ma keʻano laulā, i ka hopena, ua like ka mahana o ka ea me ka wai kai.
• ʻEa haʻahaʻa: noho ka ea ma luna o 50% no kekahi mau hola ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka makani ikaika. I ka makani ikaika, hiki ke hiki i 90%.

Manaʻo wau me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou e pili ana i ka galena a me kona ʻano.