Aia i loko o ke ao holoʻokoʻa he mau piliona mau hōkū i loaʻa a māhele ʻia ma ka lewa. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā a ma waena o ia mau hiʻohiʻona i loaʻa iā mākou ke kala. I loko o ka mōʻaukala kanaka, ua nīnau ʻia nā nīnau He aha ke kala o nā hōkū.
No kēia kumu, ma kēia ʻatikala e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i ke kala o nā hōkū, pehea ʻoe e haʻi ai a pehea e pili ai inā he kala a i ʻole kekahi.
ʻO
He aha ke kala o nā hōkū
I ka lani hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā tausani o nā hōkū e ʻālohilohi ana, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa ka ʻōlinolino o kēlā me kēia hōkū, ma muli o kona nui, "makahiki" a i ʻole ka mamao mai iā mākou. Akā, inā mākou e nānā pono iā lākou a nānā paha iā lākou ma o ka telescope, ʻike mākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i nā hōkū ke loaʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā aka, mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka uliuli. No laila, ʻike mākou i nā hōkū ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā hōkū ʻulaʻula. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka Antares maikaʻi, nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Rival of Mars" i kona hoʻokūkū ʻana me nā kala ʻulaʻula o ka honua ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ke kala o nā hōkū e pili ana i ka mahana o ko lākou mau ʻili. No laila, ʻoiai he mea kūʻē. ʻO nā hōkū uliuli ka wela loa a ʻo nā hōkū ʻulaʻula ke anuanu (a i ʻole, ka wela liʻiliʻi loa). Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi i kēia kūʻē kūʻē inā hoʻomanaʻo mākou i ka spectrum i aʻo ʻia ʻo mākou a pau i ke kula ma ke ʻano he kamaliʻi. Wahi a ka electromagnetic spectrum, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kukui ultraviolet ma mua o ke kukui infrared. No laila, hōʻike ka polū i ka pāhawewe ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka ikaika a no laila e pili ana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
No laila, ma ka astronomy, hoʻololi nā hōkū i ke kala ma muli o ko lākou mahana a me ko lākou makahiki. I ka lewa, ʻike mākou i nā hōkū uliuli a keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā hōkū ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka Blue Star Bellatrix ma mua o 25.000 Kelvin. Hiki i nā hōkū ʻulaʻula e like me Betelgeuse i nā mahana o 2000 K wale nō.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o nā hōkū ma ke kala
Ma ka astronomy, ua māhele ʻia nā hōkū i 7 mau papa like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou kala a me ka nui. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana e nā leka a puʻunaue ʻia i nā helu. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā hōkū ʻōpio loa (ʻoi loa, wela loa) he uliuli a ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano o nā hōkū ʻO. o ka hoku nui waena a he melemele kona. He 5000-6000 Kelvin kona wela a ua manaʻo ʻia he hōkū G2. Ke ulu aʻe, nui ka lā a ʻoi aku ke anu, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ʻulaʻula. Akā he mau piliona mau makahiki i hala
Hōʻike ke kala o nā hōkū i ko lākou makahiki
Eia kekahi, hāʻawi ke kala o nā hōkū iā mākou i ka manaʻo o ko lākou mau makahiki. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka ʻulaʻula o nā hōkū ʻōpio, a ʻo nā hōkū kahiko he ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōkū, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wela. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka makahiki o nā hōkū, hoʻemi lākou i ka ikehu a me ka maʻalili, ʻulaʻula. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia pilina ma waena o kona mau makahiki a me ka mahana no ka mea pili ia i ka nui o ka hōkū. Inā nui loa ka hōkū, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wahie a lilo i ʻulaʻula i ka manawa liʻiliʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hōkū nui "ola" lōʻihi a lōʻihi aʻe e huli i ka uliuli.
I kekahi mau hihia, ʻike mākou i nā hōkū e pili kokoke ana i kekahi a me nā kala ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO kēia ka hihia o ka hōkū albino ma Cygnus. Maka maka olohelohe, He hōkū maʻamau ka ʻano o Albireo. Akā, me ka telescope a i ʻole ka binoculars e ʻike mākou he hōkū hoʻokahi o ke kala ʻokoʻa loa. He melemele ka hōkū ʻālohilohi (Albireo A) a he uliuli kona hoa (Albireo B). ʻO ia kekahi o ka nani a maʻalahi ke ʻike i nā pālua.
e ʻāwili a i ʻole ke aniani
ʻO Sirius kekahi o nā mea ʻālohilohi loa ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau a ʻike maʻalahi i ka hoʻoilo. Ke kokoke loa ʻo Sirius i ka lewa, e ʻā ana ia i nā kala āpau e like me nā kukui pāʻina. ʻAʻole i hana ʻia kēia hanana e ka hōkū, akā ma kahi mea kokoke loa: ko kakou lewa. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole o ka ea ma nā ʻano wela like ʻole o ko mākou lewa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole e hahai ka mālamalama mai ka hōkū i ke ala pololei, akā e hoʻohuli pinepine ʻia i ka hele ʻana ma ko mākou lewa. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia e ka poʻe kilo hōkū ʻo ke ʻano ʻino o ka atmospheric, ka mea e "moho" ai nā hōkū.
Me ke kānaluaʻole Ua ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻāhiu o nā hōkū, ʻo ia hoʻi ka "blink" a i ʻole "wink". Eia kekahi, e ʻike ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kēia ʻāwili ʻana i ko mākou hoʻokokoke ʻana i ka lewa. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kokoke o ka hōkū i ka lewa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lewa e pono ai kona mālamalama e hele mai iā mākou, a no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena o ka haunaele o ka lewa. ʻAe, ma keʻano o Sirius, he mea'ālohilohi loa,ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena. No laila, ma nā pō ʻino a kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao, ʻike ʻia ka hoku ʻaʻole i kū ka hōkū, a ʻike mākou e hoʻolei ana i nā aka like ʻole. He hopena kūlohelohe a me kēlā me kēia lā i nā hōkū, e pili pū ana i ka maikaʻi o nā nānā a me nā kiʻi astrophotographs.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka ʻālohilohi ʻana o nā hōkū?
Hiki i nā hōkū ke ʻā no nā piliona makahiki. Akā ʻaʻohe mea mau loa. ʻO ka wahie i loaʻa iā lākou no nā hopena nuklea ua kaupalena ʻia a pau. Inā ʻaʻohe hydrogen e puhi, lawe ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka helium, akā ʻaʻole like me ka mua, ʻoi aku ka ikaika. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻonui ai ka hōkū i mau kaukani mau manawa i kona nui mua i ka hopena o kona ola ʻana, a lilo i pilikua. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana ka mea e nalowale ai ka wela ma ka ʻili a pono e puʻunaue hou i ka ikehu ma kahi ʻāpana nui, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻulaʻula ai lākou. He ʻokoʻa kēia mau hōkū nunui ʻulaʻula, i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaei o na hoku nunui.
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā pilikua ʻulaʻula a hoʻopau koke i ka wahie liʻiliʻi i koe. Ke hana ʻia kēia, holo ka hopena nuklea i loko o ka hōkū e mālama i ka hōkū: huki ka ʻumekaumaha ma kona ʻili holoʻokoʻa a hoʻemi i ka hōkū a lilo ia i ʻeleʻele. Ma muli o kēia hoʻomāinoino ʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ikehu a piʻi ka mahana o ka ʻili, e hoʻololi maoli i kona ʻālohilohi i keʻokeʻo. He kupapau keokeo ke kupapau o ka hoku. ʻO kēia mau kupapaʻu hōkū he ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i nā hōkū kaʻina nui.
Manaʻo wau me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ke kala o nā hōkū a me kona hopena.
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe