Ofayan shahararrun tsare-tsaren rarraba abubuwa a duniyar kimiyya shine tebur na lokaci-lokaci. Idan muka bincika a sarari kuma ta hanya mai sauƙi zamu ga cewa Hoto Hertzsprung-Russell shi ne kamar wani lokaci-lokaci tebur, amma na taurari. Tare da wannan zane zamu iya gano rukunin taurari mu ga inda aka keɓe shi gwargwadon halayensa. Godiya ga wannan, ya kasance yana yiwuwa a sami ci gaba sosai lura da rabe-raben ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na taurari da suke wanzu.
Saboda haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk halaye da mahimmancin zane na Hertzsprung-Russell.
Fasali da aiki
Zamuyi kokarin fahimtar yadda hoton Hertzsprung-Russell yake aiki da kuma abinda ya kunsa. Axes biyu akan jadawalin suna auna abubuwa daban-daban. Hanya a kwance tana auna ma'auni guda biyu waɗanda za'a iya taƙaita su zuwa ɗaya. Idan muka je ƙasa, bari mu hawan zafin saman tauraruwar a digiri Kelvin daga mafi tsananin yanayin zuwa ƙarancin yanayin zafi.
A saman muna ganin wani abu daban. Akwai adadi da yawa da kowane aka yiwa alama wasika: O, B, A, F, G, K, M. Wannan nau'ikan nau'in. Yana nufin cewa shi ne launi na tauraron. Kamar yadda yake da bakan lantarki, yana zuwa ne daga launin shuɗi zuwa launin ja. Dukkan sikeli suna nuna abu ɗaya kuma sun yarda da juna tunda nau'in sigar yana ƙayyade ta yanayin zafin saman tauraron. Yayin da yawan zafin nasa ya karu, launinsa ma yakan canza. Yana zuwa daga ja zuwa shuɗi, kafin a ratsa sautunan lemu da fari. A wannan nau'in zane zaka iya kwatanta saurin wane irin zazzabi kowane launi da tauraron yake dashi zai iya daidaita.
A gefe guda, a tsaye a tsaye na zane na Hertzsprung-Russell mun ga cewa ya auna ra'ayi ɗaya. An bayyana shi a cikin ma'auni daban-daban kamar haske. A gefen hagu ana auna haske ne yana daukar rana a matsayin abin kwatance. Ta wannan hanyar, sauƙin ganewar haske na sauran taurari yana sauƙaƙe kuma ana ɗaukar rana azaman abin tunani. Abu ne mai sauki ka ga idan tauraro ya fi haske ko bai fi rana ba tunda muna da sauƙin idan ya zo duba shi. Matakan da ya dace yana da ingantacciyar hanyar auna haske fiye da sauran. Ana iya auna shi da cikakkiyar girma. Idan muka kalli taurarin gandun daji tsafi daya yafi wasu. Babu shakka, a lokuta da yawa wannan na faruwa ne saboda taurari suna haduwa a nesa daban ba wai don ɗayan ya fi ɗayan haske ba.
Tauraruwa mai haske
Lokacin da muka bar sama, zamu ga cewa wasu taurari suna haskakawa, amma yana faruwa ne kawai daga hangen nesan mu. Wannan ana kiran sa girma a fili, kodayake yana da ɗan bambanci kaɗan: bayyanuwar girman tauraruwa ana yin ta ne ta hanyar gyarawa ƙimar da irin wannan hasken zai samu a waje da yanayin mu, ba a ciki ba. Ta wannan hanyar, girman da yake bayyane ba zai wakiltar ainihin hasken da tauraron yake da shi ba. Saboda haka, ba za a iya amfani da ma'auni kamar wanda yake cikin zane na Hertzsprung-Russell ba.
Domin iya gwargwadon hasken tauraro da kyau, dole ne ayi amfani da cikakken girma. Zai zama kusan girman gaske cewa tauraruwa zata sami parsecs 10 nesa ba kusa ba. Taurari zasu kasance duka nesa ɗaya, sabili da haka za'a iya canza girman tauraruwa zuwa haskenta na ainihi.
Abu na farko da zaka kiyaye yayin duban jadawalin babban layi ne wanda yake gudana daga babba zuwa hagu zuwa dama. An san shi azaman babban jerin kuma a ciki ne babban ɓangaren taurari, gami da rana, suka haɗu. Duk taurari suna samarda kuzari ta fusatar da hydrogen don samar da sinadarin helium a cikinsu. Wannan shine babban abin da duka suke da shi kuma abin da ya sa haskensu ya bambanta shi ne cewa abin da suke cikin babban jerin shi ne yawan su. Wato ma'ana, gwargwadon yawan tauraro, da sauri tsarin haɗuwa zai haifar dashi, don haka zai sami ƙarin haske da yanayin zafin jiki.
Sabili da haka, yana biyo bayan cewa taurari waɗanda suke da ɗimbin yawa suna kusa da hagu da sama saboda haka suna da ƙarin zafin jiki da ƙarin haske. Waɗannan sune shuɗi ƙattai. Har ila yau, muna da taurari tare da ƙaramin taro waɗanda suke kan dama da ƙasa, saboda haka suna da ƙarancin zafin jiki da haske kuma su ne jan dwarfs.
Manyan taurari da manyan taurari na zane na Hertzsprung-Russell
Idan muka kauce daga babban jeri zamu iya ganin wasu bangarorin a cikin zane. A saman akwai ƙattai da manyan superan wasan. Kodayake suna da yanayin zafin jiki kamar sauran manyan taurari masu yawa, amma suna da haske mai yawa. Wannan saboda girman. Wadannan manyan taurari suna da alamun sun ƙone ajiyar iskar hydrogen na lokaci mai tsawo, saboda haka dole ne su fara amfani da makamashi daban-daban kamar su helium don aikinsu. A lokacin ne lokacin da haske yake raguwa tunda mai ba shi da ƙarfi sosai.
Wannan shine ƙaddarar da ke riƙe da adadi mai yawa na taurari waɗanda ke cikin babban jeri. Ya dogara da yawan abin da suke da shi, za su iya zama masu girman kai ko kuma masu girman gaske.
A ƙasa da babban jeri muna da fararen dwarfs. Thearshen ƙarshen mafi yawan taurari da muke gani a cikin sama shine ya zama fararen farauta. A wannan lokacin, tauraron ya ɗauki ƙaramin ƙarami kaɗan da girman gaske. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, fararen dwarfs suna kara gaba zuwa dama da kasa zane. Wannan saboda saboda kullun yana rasa haske da zafin jiki.
Waɗannan sune manyan nau'ikan taurarin da suke bayyana akan wannan jadawalin. Akwai wasu bincike na yanzu wanda yake kokarin haskakawa da kuma mai da hankali kan wasu daga cikin iyakokin jadawalin don sanin komai cikin zurfin ciki.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da hoton Hertzsprung-Russell da halayensa.