Menene yanayi kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci?

A duniyarmu zamu iya rayuwa albarkacin tarin abubuwa daban-daban na iskar gas da ke kewaye da Duniya baki ɗaya. Wannan shimfidar ta kasance a Duniya albarkacin nauyi. Labari ne game da duniya kuma yana da wahala a iya tantance kaurinsa daidai, tunda iskar gas dinda suka hada ta sun zama ba su da yawa tare da tsayi, har sai da kusan bacewa 'yan kilomitoci dari daga farfajiyar.

Yanayin yana cika ayyuka daban-daban na rayuwa a doron ƙasa kuma in ba don shi ba da ba za mu iya samun rayuwa kamar yadda muka san ta ba. Shin kana son sanin komai game da yanayin?

Yanayin yanayi

Yanayin yana dauke da cakudadden gas, galibinsu suna mai da hankali ne a cikin abin da ake kira homosphere, wanda ya faro daga kasa zuwa tsawon kilomita 80-100. A hakikanin gaskiya, wannan layin ya kunshi kashi 99,9% na jimlar sararin samaniya.

Daga cikin iskar gas da ke samar da yanayi, Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Argon (Ar), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) da tururin ruwa dole ne a haskaka su. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa yawan waɗannan gas ɗin ya bambanta da tsayi, bambancin tururin ruwa ana faɗar shi musamman, wanda ke tattare musamman a cikin yadudduka kusa da farfajiyar.

Kasancewar iskar gas da suke samar da iska suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban rayuwa a Duniya. A gefe guda, O2 da CO2 suna ba da damar aiwatar da mahimman ayyuka na dabbobi da shuke-shuke, kuma a ɗayan, kasancewar tururin ruwa da CO2, suna ba da damar yanayin zafi a duniya ya wadatar da kasancewar rayuwa. Tururin ruwa da CO2, tare da sauran gas marasa ƙarancin ƙarfi kamar methane ko ozone, ana kiransu iskar gas. Hasken rana zai iya ratsa wadannan gas din ba tare da wahala ba, amma radiation din da Duniya ke fitarwa (bayan dumama da makamashin hasken rana) wani sashi na dauke su, ba tare da samun damar kubuta zuwa sararin samaniya gaba daya. Godiya ga wanzuwar wannan tasirin na greenhouse, zamu iya rayuwa tare da tsayayyen zafin jiki. Idan ba don kasancewar wadannan gas din da ke riƙe zafi da haifar da wannan tasirin ba, Matsakaicin yanayin duniya zai kasance ƙasa da -15 digiri. Ka yi tunanin a waɗannan yanayin zafin kusan kusan duk shekara, rayuwa a duniya kamar yadda muka sani ba zai yiwu ba.

A cikin sararin samaniya, yawanta, abun da ke ciki da yanayin zafin jiki suna bambanta da tsawo.

Layer na yanayi

Yanayi ya kasu kashi-kashi daidai gwargwadon yanayinsa, yawansa da yanayin zafinsa. Anan ne takaitaccen bayani game da yadudduka na yanayi.

Yankin Yankin: Shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci Layer, wanda rayuwa da mafi yawan yanayin yanayi ke bunkasa. Ya faɗaɗa zuwa kusan kusan kilomita 10 a sandunan da kuma kilomita 18 a ekweita. A cikin yanayin zafin jiki, yanayin zafin jiki yana raguwa a hankali tare da tsayi har ya kai -70º C. Babban iyakarta shine tropopause

Yankin duniya: A wannan layin, zazzabin yana ƙaruwa har sai ya kai kimanin -10ºC a tsawan kilomita 50. A wannan wurin ne inda ake samun matsakaicin ruwan lemar ozone, "ozone layer", iskar gas wanda ta hanyar shayar da wani bangare na ultraviolet da kuma infrared radiation daga Rana yana ba da damar wanzuwar yanayin da ya dace da rayuwa a saman Duniya. Ana kiran saman wannan layin da stratopause.

Yankuna: A ciki, zafin jiki ya sake raguwa tare da tsayi zuwa -140 ºC. Ya kai tsawan kilomita 80, a ƙarshensa shine ƙyaftawa.

Yanayi: Layi ne na karshe, wanda ya faɗaɗa zuwa kilomita ɗari da yawa a tsayi, yana gabatar da ƙarin yanayin zafi har zuwa 1000 ºC. Anan gas suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi kuma suna ionized.

Me yasa yanayi yake da mahimmanci?

Yanayin mu yana da mahimmanci ga abubuwa da yawa. Fiye da mahimmanci, ya kamata mu ce ya zama dole. Godiya ga sararin samaniya, rayuwa zata iya bunkasa a wannan duniyar tamu, tunda tana shan yawancin rawanin ultraviolet daga rana a cikin ozone layer. Idan yanayi ya shiga sararin samaniya tare da Duniya kuma zai doke mu, yanayin ke da alhakin wargaza su a cikin foda saboda gogayyar da suke sha yayin saduwa da iska. Idan babu sararin samaniya, saurin haduwar wadannan abubuwa zai zama jimlar saurin sararin samaniya (wanda aka auna daga duniyarmu) gami da hanzarin da gravitation na duniya ya haifar, don haka yana da mahimmanci a same shi.

Hakanan ya kamata a ambata shi ne gaskiyar yanayin duniya ba koyaushe yana da irin wannan abun ba. Miliyoyin shekaru, yanayin yanayi yana canzawa kuma yana samar da wasu nau'o'in rayuwa. Misali, lokacin da yanayi yake da iskar oxygen, sai ya kasance gas na methane wanda ya tsara yanayin kuma rayuwar da ta gudana ita ce ta masu amfani da iska. Bayan bayyanar cyanobacteria, yawan iskar oksijin a sararin samaniya ya karu kuma ya samar da nau'ikan rayuwa daban-daban kamar shuke-shuke, dabbobi da mutane.

Wani muhimmin aiki na yanayi shine magnetosphere. Wannan wani yanki ne na sararin samaniya da aka samo a cikin yankin waje na Duniya cewa kare mu ta hanyar karkatar da iska mai amfani da hasken rana wanda aka loda da hasken lantarki. Godiya ne ga maganadisun duniya wanda ba a cinye mu da guguwar rana.

Yanayin yana da matukar dacewa a ciki ci gaban biogeochemical hawan keke. Yanayin yanayi na yanzu shine sanadin hotuna da tsire-tsire ke aiwatarwa. Hakanan shine wanda ke kula da yanayi da yanayin da mutane ke rayuwa a ciki (a cikin yanki), yana haifar da al'amuran yanayi kamar ruwan sama (wanda muke samun ruwa daga gare shi) da kuma samun adadin nitrogen, carbon da oxygen.

Ayyukan mutum akan yanayi

Abin takaici ɗan adam yana haifar da canji a cikin yanayin yanayi. Saboda ayyukan masana’antu, ana fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli kamar carbon dioxide da methane da hayakin nitrogen oxides da ke haifar da ruwan sama na acid.

Ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin waɗannan iskar gas mai guba yana haifar dumamar yanayi. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a duk sassan duniya yana ƙaruwa, yana lalata daidaiton dukkanin tsarin halittu. Wannan yana haifar da canjin yanayi wanda aka haifar a cikin sauyin yanayin yanayi. Misali, canjin yanayi yana kara yawan lokuta da kuma tsananin munanan abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi kamar guguwa, guguwar iska, ambaliyar ruwa, fari, dss. Hakanan ana canza yanayin motsa jiki kamar El Niño da La Niña, yawancin jinsuna suna motsi ko mutuwa saboda canje-canje a wuraren zamansu, kankara na kan iyakoki na narkewa tare da haifar da hauhawar yanayin teku. , da dai sauransu

Kamar yadda kake gani, yanayi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar duniyar tamuWannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne mu magance canjin yanayi da tabbatar da cewa yawan iskar gas mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ya zama tabbatacce kamar yadda yake a da, kafin juyin juya halin masana'antu.