Hamada wurare ne na duniya waɗanda halayen halayyar su ta wuce gona da iri. Akwai yanayi mara kyau na rayuwa don bunkasa cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Sabili da haka, yawancin tsire-tsire da dabbobi dole ne su samar da sabbin abubuwa don su rayu a waɗannan mahallai. Yau zamuyi magana akansa yadda tsire-tsire ke rayuwa cikin hamada. Akwai karbuwa matuka wadanda suka baiwa shuke-shuke damar rayuwa a cikin wadannan manyan hamadun.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku yadda tsire-tsire suke rayuwa a cikin hamada da kuma irin abubuwan da suke buƙata don yin hakan.
Yanayin hamada
A cikin yanayin hamada, tsarin tafiyar hawainiya yana mulki. Rashin isasshen danshi ne wanda aka sanyashi a farfajiya saboda rashin kuzari kai tsaye wanda ya haifar da hasken rana da kuma ƙarin yanayin zafi. A kan wannan aka ƙara ɗan gumi wanda ke wanzuwa daga ruwan tsire-tsire. Abin da ke faruwa game da saurin iska yana sa yawan ruwan sama ya kasance a ƙananan ƙima a cikin shekara. Uesimar da ta rage a 250 mm a kowace shekara. Yana da cikakkun bayanai, waɗanda ke nuna ƙarancin ciyayi da laima a cikin yanayin. Ofayan sanannun sanannun wurare a duniya a matsayin misali na yanayin yanayin hamada shine hamadar Sahara.
Yanayin hamada gabaɗaya yana da halin kasancewa kusa da wurare masu zafi. Latitude wanda ake samun yawancin hamada ya kai kusan digiri 15 da 35. A irin wannan yanayin evaporations sun fi girma sama da ruwa. Yawan ƙarancin ruwa yana da ƙima fiye da na hazo. Wannan shine abin da ke sanya kasa bata bada izinin gestation na rayuwar shuke-shuke.
A yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya suna da matsakaicin ruwan sama na centimita 20 a shekara. Koyaya, adadin danshin ya wuce santimita 200. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙimar ƙawancen ruwa ya ninka har sau 10 fiye da saurin hazo. Saboda wannan, yanayin zafi yayi ƙasa ƙwarai.
Ta yaya tsire-tsire ke rayuwa a cikin hamada
Da zarar mun san irin halayen yanayin hamada, zamu ga irin sauye sauyen da tsirrai suka samar domin rayuwa a wadannan yankuna. Bari mu ga menene su:
Mafi girman kiyaye ruwa
Shuke-shuke waɗanda ke koyon yadda za su rayu a cikin hamada sun fi iya kiyaye ruwa. Mun san cewa tsire-tsire suna rasa ruwa ta hanyar aiwatar da ƙirar ƙira. Wannan tsari shine motsin ruwa ta hanyar shuka zuwa yanayi. Shuke-shuke waɗanda suke da ƙasa mafi girma sune waɗanda suke zufa da sauri kuma suka rasa ruwa mai yawa. Suna buƙatar samun ruwa sosai yadda zasu iya rayuwa. Da yawa daga shuke-shuke masu bushewa suna da ƙananan ganye ko ƙaya waɗanda ke rage yankinsu don rage asarar ruwa ta hanyar tsarin ɓoyewa.
Theayawan ba kawai rage asarar ruwa bane amma kuma suna taimakawa hana dabbobi cin tsire. Akwai dabbobi da yawa wadanda kawai Suna cin tsire-tsire a cikin hamada don samar da ruwan sha. Groupaya daga cikin rukunin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da wannan dabarar kiyaye ruwa ita ce Sclerolaena.
Kariyar zafi
Wata dabarar koyon yadda tsirrai ke rayuwa cikin hamada shine kariya daga zafi. Mun san cewa hamada na da yanayin zafi sosai da rana da kuma ƙasa da dare. Shuke-shuke da koren ganye na iya daukar zafi. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin hamada ba duk masu ban sha'awa bane. A cikin hamada, daukar zafi shine abu na karshe da shuka ke so. Sabili da haka, wani karbuwa na waɗannan shuke-shuke shine a sami ganye tare da launin toka, shuɗi ko cakuda launin toka, shuɗi da launin kore. Wannan haɗin launuka yana taimakawa rage ɗaukar zafi. Misali, daji ko launin shuɗi mai launin toka na iya rage zafin ganyensa saboda albarkacin launin toka-toka.
Ta yaya tsire-tsire ke rayuwa cikin hamada: haifuwa
Sake haifuwa wani bangare ne da za'a yi la'akari dashi yayin da zafi yayi yawa a wuri. Mutane galibi suna gudu daga zafin rana ta hanyar kasancewa a gida. Hakanan ana yin wannan ta yawancin nau'in tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara. Kuma akwai tsire-tsire masu yawa na shekara-shekara waɗanda suke kammalawa gajeren rayuwarsu lokacin damina. Tsarin ta shine girma, samar da tsaba kuma ya mutu. Irin ya kasance yana barci kuma suna iya rayuwa cikin yanayin bushewa.
Lokacin da yanayin muhalli a waje ya kasance mai kyau, tsaran sun ƙare kuma tsire-tsire na iya amfani da waɗancan yanayin ƙanshi mai kyau. A yadda aka saba a wannan lokacin lokacin da suke da ƙarin danshi shine lokacin da a jeji zaka iya ganin shuke-shuke da yawa.
Hakurin fari
Wani karbuwa da tsirrai ke samarwa a cikin hamada shine hakuri da fari. A lokacin watannin bazara ko tsawan lokaci na bushewa, tsire-tsire masu haƙuri da fari kamar sun mutu. Su tsire-tsire ne waɗanda ke rage ayyukansu zuwa mafi ƙaranci. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine suna kama da tsire-tsire masu sauƙi kamar rashin ganye kuma ba tare da ganyayen da suka mutu ba. Koyaya, suna cikin yanayin barci yayin jiran ruwan sama.
A karshe, wani karbuwa don sanin yadda shuke-shuke ke rayuwa a cikin hamada shi ne yawan adadin hotuna. Photosynthesis ba komai bane face jujjuyawar carbon dioxide, da ruwa, da kuzari daga rana zuwa sukari da oxygen. Shuke-shuken suna shan iskar carbon dioxide ta hanyar stomata. A cikin yanayi mai zafi stomata ta kumbura kuma ruwan yana kwashe mu. Wannan yana taimakawa rage asarar ruwa. Akasin haka, a cikin yanayin sanyi stomata koyaushe a buɗe suke. Hanyar C4 shine abin da ke taimaka wa tsire-tsire masu hamada shan carbon dioxide ba tare da rasa ruwa ba. Tsarin tsari ne daban a cikin kwayoyin halittarka wanda zai baka damar gyara dioxide a cikin ƙananan ruwa da yanayin zafi mai yawa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da yadda shuke-shuke ke rayuwa a cikin hamada.