Yadda aka kafa tsibirin Canary

yadda aka kafa tsibirin Canary

Tsibirin Canary tsibiri ne a cikin Tekun Atlantika. Suna yankin arewa maso yammacin Afirka kuma sun ƙunshi tsibirai kusan takwas, tsibirai biyar da duwatsu takwas gabaɗaya. Misali, muna magana ne game da La Gomera, La Palma da Tenerife, El Hierro, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote da Gran Canaria. mutane da yawa suna mamaki Ta yaya aka kafa tsibirin Canary?

A saboda wannan dalili, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku yadda aka kafa tsibirin Canary, halaye da mahimmancin su.

Yadda aka kafa tsibirin Canary

Ta yaya aka kafa tsibirin Canary daga asalinsu?

Wadannan tsibiran sun samo asali ne daga aman wuta kuma suna kan farantin Afirka, don haka suka zama yankin Macaronesia. Suna da yanayi mai zafi, kuma canjin yanayi yana fassara zuwa halittu masu rai. Duk tsibiran suna da wuraren ajiyar halittu, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da wuraren da aka ayyana wuraren Tarihi na Duniya. Kafin barkewar cutar, miliyoyin mutane sun ziyarci tsibiran, alal misali, a cikin 2019. kimanin masu yawon bude ido miliyan 13.

An kuma ƙididdige asalin asalin dutsen dutsen don zama kwanan nan don shekarun Duniya: 30 miliyan shekaru. Ka'idoji da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa an kafa tsibiran ne a lokuta daban-daban ko kuma hawan dutse mai aman wuta, wanda ke nuni da ci gaba da aiwatar da fitowa fili da ci gaba da ƙarfafa lava.

Don haka, ana iya cewa kowane tsibiri na wannan rukunin yana da tarihinsa na tarihin ƙasa ko kuma nasa na da, mafi tsufa tsibiran wataƙila Fuerteventura da Lanzarote, sai Tenerife, tsibirin Canary da La Gomera. Mafi kusa su ne La Palma da El Hierro, waɗanda ba su wuce shekaru miliyan 2 ba.

tushen hawan keke

duwatsu masu aman wuta

To yaya wannan tsari ko zagayowar zai yi kama? Na farko, wani lokaci da ake kira “Basal complex” yana faruwa, inda ɓawon teku ya karye, toshewar kuma ta tashi, a cikinsa ake ajiye lafazin da ya fito daga gaɓar teku. Daga baya, tsibirin yana fitowa daga ruwa a wani mataki da aka sani da "gini na karkashin kasa."

Bi da bi, akwai biyu hawan keke a nan, na farko na tsohon jerin kafa manyan volcanic Tsarin, sa'an nan abin da ake kira 'yan jerin da aka kiyaye a yau, halin da m volcanic ayyuka. A hade, za mu iya tunanin magma daga cikin duniyar nan yana tasowa ta hanyar tsage-tsalle daban-daban a cikin ɓawon burodi, yana taruwa a kan tekun teku, sannan ya fito a matakin teku.

Wannan ya ci gaba har tsawon miliyoyin shekaru kuma, kamar yadda muke magana, yana ci gaba har yau tare da tururin ruwa, iskar sulfur, da fashewar lokaci-lokaci. Dauki misali. fashewar Teneguía akan La Palma a cikin 1971 ko kuma kwanan nan a cikin 2021, lokacin da dutsen mai aman wuta mara suna ya yi ta'addanci a tsibirin na tsawon kwanaki 90.

Tsibiran Canary suna da ban mamaki a nasu hanyar, kuma saboda suna ɗaya daga cikin ƴan tsibirai da aka kafa ta hanyar tsaunukan ruwa da har yanzu suke aiki, suna da sha'awar masana kimiyya sosai. Akalla an sami fashewar fashewar abubuwa 18 a cikin shekaru 500. don haka tana da kyawawan tarihin dutse mai ƙarfi, kuma a, ba mu ga ƙarshen ba tukuna.

Theories game da yadda Canary Islands aka kafa

Fuerteventura

Abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan tsibiran sun yi wahayi zuwa ga dabaru iri-iri game da samuwar su. Na ɗan lokaci, ka'idar hotspot ta yi rinjaye, bisa ga waɗancan tsibiran da aka kafa a cikin mashigin tekun teku tsakanin Afirka da Amurka. Don haka tsibiran sun bayyana a hanya, mafi tsufa tsibiran sun kasance mafi nisa daga asalinsu yayin da suke ci gaba tare da faranti na lithospheric.

Wata ka'idar ita ce ka'idar karaya, bisa ga abin da, bin hawan keke na matsawa da shakatawa na farantin Atlas tectonic, karaya ya faru a cikin lithosphere wanda ya bazu daga nahiyoyi zuwa Tekun Atlantika, Barin magma.

Dole ne in faɗi cewa waɗannan duk ra'ayoyi ne kuma ba a yarda da su sosai ba, kodayake wuraren zafi suna da ɗan zafi. Wannan na iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa tsibiran ke ci gaba da aiki, sai dai wasu da ba a taɓa yin rikodin ayyukan wutar lantarki a halin yanzu ba. Ee, a, har yanzu akwai ramuka a cikin wannan bayanin, amma binciken kimiyya ya ci gaba da ƙoƙarin amsa duk tambayoyin.

Don haka, menene halayen kyawawan tsibiran Canary masu haɗari da haɗari? To, suna da kowane nau'in duwatsu masu aman wuta wanda ke rufe dukkan nau'in basal na alkaline kuma suna da kowane nau'i na ramuka kuma suna da daidaituwa sosai dangane da inda iska ke fitowa da kuma jagorancin magma ta wata hanya ko wata, haka kuma. fashewar thermoplastic da bama-bamai, tsibirin kuma yana da wasu magma da cones, formations, craters, da yawa tsaunukan tsaunuka tsakanin calderas…

Clima

A gefe guda kuma, tsibiran suna jin daɗin yanayi mai daɗi na ƙarƙashin ruwa na ruwa tare da iskar kasuwanci saboda kusancinsa da wurare masu zafi da El Golfo na yanzu. Iska tana tura gajimaren don samar da waɗannan kyawawan tekuna na gizagizai, kuma tana ba da jin cewa ruwan ya kusan ƙasƙanci da nutsuwa.

Tsibirin Canary aljanna ce mai matsakaicin zafin jiki na 25ºC a duk shekara, don haka al'amari ne a matakin yawon bude ido.

Waɗannan su ne manyan halaye na tsibiran:

  • Dabino: fadin kasa murabba'in kilomita 708,32 da yawan jama'a miliyan 83.458. Dutsen Teneguía bai yarda da su ba, amma a bara ya sake yin wani fashewa da ya yi barna. Ita ce tsibiri mafi girma na biyu a cikin rukunin, tare da mafi girman kololuwa, Roque de los Muchachos, mai tsayin mita 2.426. Yana da mafi girman na'urar hangen nesa a duniya - Gran Telescopio Canarias tare da diamita na madubi na mita 10,40.
  • Iron: Ita ce tsibiri mafi ƙanƙanta kuma tana da nata mulkin: 268,71 murabba'in kilomita kuma kawai 11.147 dubu mazauna. Wannan wani wurin ajiyar halittu ne inda wani katon fashewar ruwa ya faru shekaru goma da suka wuce. Ita ce tsibiri na farko a duniya da ya zama mai dogaro da kansa da makamashi mai sabuntawa.
  • Tenerife: Tsibiri mafi girma, 2034,38 murabba'in kilomita. Kuma shi ne yanki mafi yawan jama'a da mutane dubu 928.604. Wanda aka fi sani da "Tsibirin Yongquan", yana da kyawawan rairayin bakin teku da wuraren shakatawa masu yawa. Eh, wurin ne ke karbar mafi yawan masu yawon bude ido a duk shekara.
  • Gran Canaria: Shi ne tsibiri na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a cikin tsibiran. Tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 1560, tana da zagaye da tsaunuka. Yana da wurare masu mahimmanci na kayan tarihi da kuma shimfidar wurare daban-daban waɗanda suka fito daga rairayin bakin teku na zinari, ta hanyar shimfidar hamada zuwa wuraren kore.
  • Fuerteventura: 1659 murabba'in kilomita, mafi kusa da Afirka. Har ila yau, shine mafi tsufa, a fannin ilimin ƙasa, kuma mafi lalacewa. Ya kasance ajiyar biosphere tun 2009.
  • Lanzarote: Shi ne tsibiri mafi gabas kuma mafi tsufa a cikin duka tsibiran. Filin yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 845,94, babban birnin kasar kuma shi ne Arrecife. Yana da dutsen mai aman wuta kuma ya kasance wurin ajiyar halittu tun 1993.
  • Mai Girma: Har kwanan nan ya kasance ɗan ƙaramin tsibiri ne kawai, amma a yau tsibiri ne, tsibiri na takwas a cikin tsibiri. Yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 29 kacal kuma mutane 751 ne ke zaune.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da yadda aka kafa tsibirin Canary da halayensu.


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