Tsibirin Canary suna da asalin dutsen mai aman wuta zalla, wanda ke da tagomashi da wani yanayi na musamman wanda ke samar da yanayi na yanayi da ake la'akari da su a cikin "mafi kyau a duniya", yana haifar da fashewar yanayi wanda ya sa waɗannan tsibiran suka zama na musamman. The volcanoes a cikin canaries sun bar tambarin su a cikin nau'i na lava flows, craters ko calderas.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da tsaunukan tsaunuka a cikin Canary Islands, asalinsu, halaye da fashewar su.
Volcanoes a cikin Canary Islands
Tsibiran Canary suna da babban ma'aunin volcanic idan aka kwatanta da sauran Spain. A halin yanzu, babu bayanai da yawa akan ainihin yawan dutsen mai aman wuta, tare da kimanin aman wuta 30 a tsibirin Canary. Tsibiran da ke da mafi yawan tsaunuka sune Gran Canaria, Tenerife da La Palma.
Ayyukan volcanic a tsibirin Canary ya samo asali ne daga manyan tsaunuka masu aman wuta a cikin tekun-Atlantic ɓawon burodi fiye da shekaru miliyan 30 da suka wuce. Don haka, tsibiran na ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da ke da bambancin yanayi a duniya, tare da budurwa da yanayin daji, wanda, tare da rairayin bakin teku, ya sa ya zama wuri mai ban sha'awa na yawon bude ido.
Saboda haka, tsibirin Canary, kamar yawancin tsibirin volcanic, gine-ginen da ke tasowa daga kasan teku. ta yadda kashi 10 cikin XNUMX na gine-ginen tsibiran suna yin sama da matakin teku. Wannan gaskiyar tana nuna cewa har yanzu akwai wani muhimmin rigar dutse mai aman wuta a ƙarƙashinsa.
Yanzu, za mu ga manyan tsaunuka guda 5 waɗanda tsibirin Canary ke da su:
Bandama Caldera - Gran Canaria
Caldera de Bandama yana cikin ƙa'idodin birni na Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde da Santa Brígida. Wuri ne da ke jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa saboda girman girmansa, ganuwar tudu, tonowar kogon da aka samu a ciki da kuma wurin da yake a cikin Monument na Halitta na Bandama.
Ramin ya samo asali ne daga wani abu mai fashewa mai aman wuta wanda mai yiwuwa ya fara kusan shekaru 4.000 zuwa 5.000 da suka wuce. Yana daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka masu ban sha'awa a cikin Canary Islands, duka don kololuwarta da kuma caldera, saboda raka'a ne na halitta guda biyu tare da keɓaɓɓu waɗanda ke jan hankalin ba kawai masu yawon bude ido ba har ma da sha'awar kimiyya.
Teide-Tenerife
Shi ne mafi shahara, amma ba kawai wanda za mu iya samu a Tenerife. Tsawon mita 3.178, shi ne dutse mafi tsayi a Spain kuma dutsen mai aman wuta na uku a duniya. Duk da haka, sha'awar sa kuma ya ta'allaka ne a cikin nau'ikan halittun halittun sa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama gwanintar hawa sama.
Massif ɗin da Teide-Pico Viejo ya kirkira shine ƙaƙƙarfan samuwar tsaunuka na ƙarshe a tsibirin Tenerife kuma na ƙarshe da aka samu daga Caldera de las Cañadas del Teide. Fashewarta ta ƙarshe ta koma 1798.
Volcano na Teneguia - La Palma
Yana da darajar zama babban dutsen mai aman wuta na ƙarshe da ya fashe a cikin 1971. Yana da tsawo na 449 mm sama da matakin teku kuma yana a ƙarshen kudancin Cumbre Vieja. Fashewarta ta binne wani babban yanki a karkashin faffadan lafa, kuma daya ne daga cikin tsaunukan tsibiran Canary, wanda ke tashi daga teku zuwa ga samar da lava deltas da ke kara girma da girma.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, dutsen mai aman wuta na Teneguía, mai suna bayan duwatsun da ke kusa, da La Palma sun zama wani wurin yawon bude ido a tsibirin Canary.
Caldera de Taburient - La Palma
An yi la'akari da abin al'ajabi na dabi'a na tsibirin La Palma, yana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren yawon bude ido kuma UNESCO ta jera shi a matsayin wani yanki na Biosphere. An kafa ta da m lava cewa daga baya Wannan katon dutsen ya juye ya zama basalt, yana gangarowa kusan mita 2.000. A halin yanzu filin shakatawa ne na La Caldera de Taburiente, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 8 kuma yana da shimfidar wurare masu ban sha'awa kamar Roque de los Muchachos ko La Cumbrecita.
Volcano na karkashin ruwa na El Hierro
A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2011, cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin tekuna, fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta da ke karkashin teku da ta dade tana ta karuwa tsawon watanni a karshe ya kare a cikin Maris 2012.
Muhimmancin wannan fashewar aman wuta a tsibirin Canary shi ne sun canza fiye da murabba'in kilomita 9 na gabar teku, suna haifar da sabbin wuraren zama, nau'ikan rayuwa, ya lalata wasu kuma ya ninka duk yanayin muhalli na yankin, wanda ba za a iya fitar da shi daga wurare kamar La Restinga ba.
Duk wannan ya sa mutane da yawa suka je tsibirin mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin tsibiran don kada su rasa taron, wanda tunanin ganin fashewar ya jawo hankalin su.
Volcanoes a cikin Canary Islands da ke aiki
Ayyukan volcanic ya kasance yana aiki koyaushe a cikin Canary Islands, duka ƙarƙashin ruwa da ƙasa. Koyaya, masana kimiyya suna nazarin tsaunuka masu yawa a cikin Canary Islands. A wannan ma'anar, muna haskaka wasu, kamar Teide, wanda, saboda yawan ayyukansa, ana kyautata zaton zai barke a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
Dutsen dutsen mai aman wuta na El Hierro wani dutse ne mai aman wuta, tun da shi ne fashewa na ƙarshe a tsibirin a cikin 2012, kuma a halin yanzu an mayar da hankali sosai wanda ke ci gaba da yin nazari da kuma sa ido sosai. Wani dutsen mai aman wuta da ke aiki sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shine Cumbre Vieja. Saboda yawan aman wutar da yake yi, yana daya daga cikin tsaunukan da ke cikin tsibiran Canary wadanda suka haifar da motsin girgizar kasa da dama, daya daga cikinsu mai girman 2,7, wanda ake iya ji a tsibirin La Palma.
ƘARUWA
Tun zamanin da, Tsibirin Canary sun rayu ƙarƙashin kariyar tsaunuka da ayyukansu. Yin magana game da waɗannan tsibiran da samuwarsu shine yin magana game da ayyukan volcanic da motsin girgizar ƙasa da ke haifar da ayyukan da ke faruwa a ciki ko ƙarƙashin ruwansa.
Fashewar da ta yi kama da sassaka tsibiran don ba su siffarsu a halin yanzu, a wasu lokuta, kamar fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta na Teneguía ko fashewar Mar de las Calmas a El Hierro, ya bazu kilomita da yawa a kan tekun.
A takaice dai sanin tsaunukan tsibiran Canary shine sanin tarihin samuwar wadannan kananan tsibiran Aljanna, wadanda suka cancanci takensu na tsibirai masu albarka saboda dimbin halittun da suke da shi da kuma yanayi mai ban mamaki.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da aman wuta a cikin Canary Islands da halayensu.