A cikin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin sunadarai, ana nazarin wani sabon abu wanda ke taimakawa wajen bayanin dalilin da yasa ake ganin wasu ƙananan abubuwa a wasu lokuta. Wannan sanannen an san shi da Tyndall sakamako. Al’amari ne na zahiri wanda masanin kimiyyar Irish din John Tyndall ya yi nazari a cikin 1869. Tun daga wannan lokacin wadannan karatun suna da aikace-aikace da yawa a fannin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin sunadarai. Kuma shi ne cewa yana nazarin wasu ƙwayoyin da ba a iya gani da ido. Koyaya, saboda suna iya yin haske ko ƙin haske, sai su zama marasa ganuwa a wasu yanayi.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da tasirin Tyndall da mahimmancinsa ga kimiyyar lissafi a cikin ilmin sunadarai.
Menene tasirin Tyndall
Nau'in yanayi ne na zahiri wanda ke bayanin yadda wasu daskararrun ƙwayoyi ko cikin gas zasu iya zama bayyane saboda gaskiyar cewa suna iya yin haske ko ƙyamar haske. Idan muka kalleshi da farko, zamu ga cewa waɗannan ƙwayoyin basa bayyane. Koyaya, gaskiyar cewa na iya watsa ko karɓar haske daban dangane da yanayin da yake, yana bada damar rarrabe su. Ana iya ganin su idan an dakatar da su a cikin wani bayani yayin da suke wucewa ta ƙasa zuwa jirgin saman gani na tsananin haske.
Idan haske bai wuce ta wannan mahallin ba za'a iya ganinsu. Misali, don fahimtar saukakakke muna magana ne game da barbashi kamar ɗigon ƙura. Lokacin da rana ta shiga ta taga ta wani yanayi na karkata zamu iya ganin dadda-dumin kurar da ke yawo a iska. Wadannan barbashi basa bayyane in ba haka ba. Ana iya ganin su ne kawai lokacin da hasken rana ya shiga ɗaki tare da takamaiman matakin karkata da kuma tsananin ƙarfi.
Wannan shine abin da aka sani da tasirin Tyndall. Dangane da ra'ayin mai lura, zaku iya ganin barbashin da ba zai iya ba. Wani misalin da ke nuna tasirin Tyndall shine lokacin da muke amfani da fitilar mota a cikin yanayi mai duhu. Hasken da 'yan kaɗan ke yi a kan danshi yana ba mu damar ganin ƙwayoyin ruwan a dakatarwa. In ba haka ba, za mu ga abin da hazo da kansa ne.
Mahimmanci da gudummawa
A cikin ilimin lissafi da ilmin sunadarai, tasirin Tyndall yana da gudummawa da yawa ga wasu karatu da mahimmancin gaske. Kuma wannan shine godiya ga wannan tasirin zamu iya bayanin dalilin da yasa sama tayi shuɗi. Mun sani cewa hasken da ke zuwa daga rana fari ne. Koyaya, idan yanayin duniya ya shiga, takan yi karo da kwayoyin iskar gas da ke hada ta. Mun tuna cewa yanayin duniya ya kunshi yawancin nitrogen, oxygen da kuma argon molecules zuwa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi. A cikin ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa akwai iskar gas mai ƙarfi wanda muke da shi carbon dioxide, methane da tururin ruwa, da sauransu.
Idan farin haske daga rana ya fado wa duk wadannan abubuwan da aka dakatar da su sai ya shiga karkata daban-daban. Katsewar da hasken rana ya sha wahala tare da ƙwayoyin oxygen a cikin nitrogen yana sa ta sami launuka daban-daban. Waɗannan launuka sun dogara ne da tsawon ƙarfin da matakin karkacewa. Launukan da suka fi karkata da yawa sune launin shuɗi da shuɗi tunda suna da ɗan gajeren zango. Wannan ya sanya sama wannan launi.
John Tyndall shima ya kasance shine mai gano tasirin tasirin greenhouse godiya ga kwaikwayon yanayin duniya a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Manufa ta farko ta wannan gwaji ita ce a kirga daidai yadda yawan hasken rana ya fito daga Duniya da kuma yadda yake haskakawa zuwa sararin samaniya daga saman duniya. Kamar yadda muka sani, ba duk hasken rana bane da ke sauka akan duniyar tamu yake tsayawa ba. Wani gajeren abu sai gajimare ya karkatar dashi kafin ya kai ga saman. Wani bangare kuma yana cike da iskar gas. Aƙarshe, saman duniya ya karkatar da wani ɓangare na abin da ya faru game da hasken rana dangane da albedo na kowane irin ƙasa. Bayan gwajin da Tyndall ya kirkira a cikin 1859, ya sami damar gano tasirin greenhouse.
Sauye-sauyen da suka shafi tasirin Tyndall
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, tasirin Tyndall ba komai bane face watsuwa na haske da yake faruwa yayin da katangar haske ta wuce ta hanyar colloid. Wannan colloid din mutum ne wanda aka dakatar dashi wadanda suke da alhakin watsewa da yin dogon tunani, hakan yasa suke bayyane. Variananan masu canzawa waɗanda ke shafar tasirin Tyndall su ne yawan haske da ƙimar ƙwayoyin. Adadin watsawa wanda za'a iya gani a cikin wannan nau'in tasirin ya dogara ne kacokan akan ƙimar yawan hasken da kuma yawan ƙwayoyin.
Kamar yadda yake watsewa na Rayleigh, hasken shuɗi yana daɗa warwatsewa sosai fiye da hasken ja saboda suna da gajeren zango. Wata hanyar dubansa ita ce cewa akwai tsawon tsayin daka wanda aka watsa, yayin da mafi guntu yana nunawa ta hanyar watsawa. Sauran mai canzawa wanda yake shafar shine girman ƙwayoyin. Wannan shine abin da ya bambanta colloid daga mafita ta gaskiya. Don cakuda ya kasance daga nau'in colloid, ƙwayoyin da suke cikin dakatarwa dole ne su sami kusan girman girman a tsakanin zangon tsakanin 1-1000 nanometers a diamita.
Bari mu ga wasu manyan misalai inda zamu iya amfani da tasirin Tyndall:
- Lokacin Muna kunna fitilar a kan gilashin madara zamu iya ganin tasirin Tyndall. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da madara mai ƙwanƙwasa ko tsarma madarar da ruwa kaɗan don a ga tasirin ƙwayoyin colloidal a cikin katako mai haske.
- Wani misali shine na watsa shuɗi mai haske kuma ana iya gani a cikin shuɗin shuɗin hayaƙi daga babura ko injunan hawa biyu.
- Gilashin fitilun da ke bayyane a cikin hazo na iya sa a bayyane gutsunan ruwa masu iyo.
- Ana amfani da wannan tasirin saitunan kasuwanci da dakin gwaje-gwaje domin tantance girman kwayar aerosol.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da tasirin Tyndall.