Tsarin halittu

Cikakken binciken burbushin halittu

A cikin ilimin geology akwai reshe da ake kira stratigraphy Abin da yake yi shi ne nazarin yanayin tudu kuma ya ba dutsen shekaru. A cikin wannan reshe akwai wani reshe na musamman da ake kira tsarin rayuwa. Masana ilimin kasa sun sami damar kafa d'angin shekaru na dutsen da ke daskararwa saboda ka'idodin stratigraphic da ka'idar daidaito. Koyaya, don samun damar gina ginshiƙan aiki na duniya, wani kayan aiki ya zama dole wanda zai ba da damar kafa shekarun dukkanin bangarori daban-daban na sassan duniya da alaƙar su da juna. Wannan shine nauyin nazarin halittu.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da wannan fannin kimiyya.

Menene nazarin biostratigraphy

Biozones

Wannan reshen ilimin kimiyya an haife shi ne don warware wasu matsalolin da aka tashe su yayin kafa shekarun duwatsu da kuma duk wani shafi na duniya. Tsoffin masana ilimin kasa sun gabatar da ka'idojin cin gajiyar faunal zuwa maye gurbin stratigraphic. Wannan ka'idar ta gado ta nuna mana cewa unitsungiyoyin lithological dole ne su gabatar da jerin burbushin halittu irin na shekarun su. Ba a gabatar da wadannan burbushin ne kawai a wannan bangaren ba amma dole ne a maimaita su a dayan dayan. Dole ne burbushin halittu mafi halayya su kasance daban-daban sannan kuma ya bayyana a cikin nau'ikan duwatsun da ke kwance.

Burbushin halittu mafi wakilci sune mafi kyawu wadanda suke aiki don kama shekarun dangi. Wadannan mahimman burbushin ana kiran su da alamun tarihi. Ana kuma san su da sunan burbushin jagora. An gabatar da wadannan burbushin ne ta yadda kasa zata fadada dukkan yankin. Sun fi yawa kuma yawanci ana kiyaye su da kyau. Bugu da kari, dukkan nau'ikan dole ne su bayyana a kankanin lokaci. Koyaya, nau'in na iya gabatar da kansa a cikin dogon lokaci mai tsawo.

Dole ne a tuna cewa, don samun shekarun waɗannan karatun, dole ne mu koma ga lokacin ilimin kasa. Wannan lokacin ilimin kasa shine wanda yake nuna lokacin da jinsin ya bayyana kuma ya yadu kusan lokaci guda. Duk cikin tarihi da lokutan binciken kasa wadanda suka faru a duniyar tamu, akwai wadanda a cikinsu manyan halaye suka faru a duniya.

Dole ne mu bambanta bayanan da burbushin bayanai suka bamu, burbushin facies wadanda sune suka bayyana hade da takamaiman dutse. Wadannan burbushin sun kasance kusan basu canzawa ba na wani dogon lokaci.

Biohorizons da biozones

Tsarin halittu

Sharuɗɗa guda biyu ne waɗanda aka kafa su a cikin ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya da ake kira biostratigraphy. Wannan yana nufin cewa kowane burbushin halittu ya bayyana a cikin takamaiman rukuni na strata. Babu wani dutsen da ke ciki da saman ginshiƙin stratigraphic da zai sake ɗaukar burbushin wannan nau'in. Yankunan lithological sune waɗanda suka iyakance kasancewar burbushin halittu kuma ana kiransu biohorizons. Kamar yadda sunan sa ya nuna, yana nuna yankin da waccan burbushin ya wanzu daban da sauran.

Akwai biohorizons iri biyu. A gefe guda akwai waɗanda suka fara bayyana kuma, a ɗaya hannun, waɗanda suka kasance bayyana na ƙarshe. A yadda aka saba jinsi yakan canza kuma abu kadan ya bata. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan nau'in yawanci suna bin tafarkin juyin halitta. Idan kayi nazari ta hanyar hangen nesa zaka ga cewa suna da haske. Koyaya, a wasu lokutan sun kasance tsarin hallaka mutane da yawa, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, wanda ke haifar da gungun kungiyoyi da yawa na dabba da na shuke-shuke ana kawar da su cikin kankanin lokaci. Misali na wannan shine babban ɓarnar dinosaur wanda ke nuna ƙarshen lokacin Cretaceous.

Biohorizons sune waɗanda ke nuna alamar ƙarar mutane kuma suna da haske sosai. A gefe guda, muna da biozones. Waɗannan su ne rukunin lithological da ke gabatar da burbushin alamomi ko abin da ke da alaƙa mai mahimmancin gaske. Muna da wasu nau'ikan biozones:

  • A biozones a matsayin duka su ne waɗanda ke wakiltar haɗin burbushin halittu da yawa a zahiri a cikin ɓangaren stratigraphic.
  • Biozones na damuwa su ne waɗanda suka dace da biozones waɗanda ke faɗaɗawa a kwance ko a tsaye. Suna yin alama tsakanin bambance-bambance.
  • Apogee biozones su ne waɗanda ke nuna mafi girman yalwar jinsi, jinsi har ma da dangi. Wadannan sun fi kwarewa.
  • Tsarin lokaci na biozones Waɗannan su ne ke wakiltar duwatsu tsakanin halittun ruwa daban-daban na burbushin halittu.

Mahimmancin lokacin ilimin ƙasa a cikin biostratigraphy

Nazarin biostratigraphy

Wannan lokacin ilimin kimiyyar halittu ya wanzu a dukkan karatun stratigraphic. Biostratigraphy shine mafi kyawun kayan aiki wanda ya taimaka mana mu kula da shekarun duwatsu ta wata hanyar dangi. Duk duwatsun da ke kwance a matakin duniya an yi musu magani kuma, ƙari, ya taimaka wajen gina ɓangaren stratigraphic a duniya. Duk bayanan na dangi ne kuma basu ce komai game da shekarun Duniya ba. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya zasuyi ƙoƙarin yin lissafin wannan zamanin ta amfani da biostratigraphy.

Akwai gwaje-gwajen da masana kimiyya da yawa da suka ba da ra'ayoyi mabanbanta don iya lissafin shekarun duniyarmu. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen sun haifar da takaddama da muhawara sosai kamar wasu da ke ba da shawarar cewa duniyar Duniya shekaru 75.000 ne kawai. A ƙarshe an sasanta batun tare da binciken radiation da gwajin ninkaya na rediyo. Ta wannan hanyar, an yi nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan rediyo da kuma yadda suke wargajewa zuwa wasu abubuwan. Wannan ya yiwu ne albarkacin kirga cikakken shekarun dutsen mai aman wuta albarkacin stratigraphy.

An ƙara wannan shekarun lissafin zuwa sikelin dangi da ma'aunin lokacin ƙasa wanda muka sani a yau an ƙirƙira shi. Wannan ma'aunin shine wanda yake alamta bayanan duniyarmu kusan kimanin shekaru biliyan 4.600 da suka shude da bayyanar duwatsu na farko da har yanzu ana adana su kimanin shekaru biliyan 3.600.

Kamar yadda kake gani, burbushin kayan aiki babban kayan aiki ne na koyo game da tarihin duniyar tamu. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da babban amfani na biostratigraphy.


Kasance na farko don yin sharhi

Bar tsokaci

Your email address ba za a buga. Bukata filayen suna alama da *

*

*

  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.