Canjin yanayi yana da mummunan sakamako mai yawa ga tsarin halittu. Dabbobi, dabbobi da tsirrai da sauran kwayoyin suma suna fuskantar canje-canje sakamakon tasirin canjin yanayi.
Tare da hauhawar yanayin zafi, canje-canje a cikin hawan keke na yanayi, haɓaka yanayin yanayi mai tsananin gaske, da dai sauransu. Yawancin dabbobi da tsire-tsire ba sa aiki tare da tsarin yanayin ƙasa. Menene ma'anarta kuma menene sakamakon tasirin jinsin da ke rasa daidaituwarsa da tsarin halittu?
Tabbacin canje-canje a cikin halittu
A cikin wannan labarin zan yi magana game da ilimin halittu, don haka zan bayyana shi idan akwai wata shakka. Ilimin ilimin ilimin halittu shine alaƙar da ke tsakanin rayuwar dabbobi da tsirrai a matsayin aiki na bambancin lokaci. Misali, hayayyafa ko zagayen tsuntsaye halayyar dabi'a ce.
Richard Fitter marubucin littattafai ne da yawa akan furanni, tsuntsaye da batutuwa masu alaƙa, kasancewar sanannen masanin ƙasa a cikin shekarun 90. Yana yawo a tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata kuma, don nishaɗi maimakon dalilan kimiyya, yana rubutawa ranar ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan nau'ikan tsire-tsire, tashiwar malam buɗe ido a ƙarshen bazara da sauran alamun da ke nuna farkon da ƙarshen lokacin. Duk wannan halaye ne na halittar jinsin halittu.
Yawancin lokaci, ɗansa Alastair shima ya zama ɗan masanin halitta kuma yayin da ya girma, ya fahimci mahimmancin bayanin da mahaifinsa yake yi. Sun kasance sune ɗayan recordsan rubuce-rubucen da suka wanzu akan ilimin ilimin halittu da yawa. A lokacin da ya fara shiga dukkan bayanan, duniyar tamu ta riga ta dumi saboda canjin yanayi, kuma tuni zafin duniya ya haura digiri 0,6 a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata.
Alastair ya lura cewa rikodin da aka ɗauka a farkon 385s ba su nuna wani daidaitaccen tsari ba. Ta hanyar kwatanta lokutan furanni na sama da shuke-shuke XNUMX, ya gano cewa suna da ci gaba matsakaita na kwanaki 4. Wasu nau'in ma sun yi fure har zuwa makonni biyu a baya. Da wannan, ya fara nuna cewa canjin yanayi yana faruwa da saurin ban mamaki tunda, yayin da yanayin zafi ke tashi, tsire-tsire suna "jin" bazara da wuri, don haka suna fure
Rahoton kan canje-canje a ilimin halittu
Goungiyar gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC) ta buga rahoto game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin jinsi da zafin jiki aƙalla shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Daga cikin nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 500, amphibians, shuke-shuke da sauran kwayoyin halitta da aka yi nazari, 80% sun canza, ta hanyar da mutum zai iya tsammanin daga ƙaruwar yanayin zafi. Abubuwa kamar ranar haifuwa ko ƙaura, tsawon lokacin girma, ko girma da rarraba jama'a ya canza.
Wannan rahoto ya kammala da cewa, a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX, canjin yanayi na yanki, musamman haɓakar yanayin zafin jiki a matsayin mafi tasirin sakamako, yana da tasiri akan tsarin halittu da kuma tsarin halittar su.
An gudanar da bincike daban-daban wanda a ciki aka yi kokarin yin nazari kan ko dumamar yanayi ta lalata alakar da ke tsakanin tsirrai da dabbobi a tsarin halittu iri daya. A wasu lokuta, hauhawar yanayin zafi na kaskantar da hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin kayan abinci da ingancin wasu kwayoyin don su rayu a mazaunin su.
Wasu dabbobi da tsirrai suna tashi da wuri
Akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye kamar su babban tit (Parus babba) wanda ke fara tsafin gidansu na shekara-shekara a watannin Afrilu da Mayu. Bayan bincike kan wadannan tsuntsayen da aka sanya tarkuna a kusa da gidajensu don su iya kamawa, auna su, auna su, da dai sauransu. An kammala cewa, bayan shekaru 18 na matakan (daga 1985 zuwa 2003), ilimin halittar babban titin bai canza ba, Tunda suke sheƙatawa a rana ɗaya kowace shekara. Zamu iya cewa canjin yanayi bai shafi kajin ba. Koyaya, ya shafi nau'ikan kwari na dare malam buɗe ido (Babban aiki), tare da sauran nau'ikan da basu da yawa, suna zama abincin kajin kaji.
A halin yanzu, matsakaicin adadin caterpillars da ke akwai don kajin kaji Yana da makonni biyu kafin shekara ta 1985. Wannan karuwar da aka samu a yawan kwari ya zo daidai da lokacin mafi girman bukatar abinci na kajin. Yanzu, yawancin kajin kaji suna kyankyashewa lokacinda kakar kwalliya ta kare. Ganin irin karancin abincin da ake fama da shi, kajin da ya tashi da wuri ne kawai ke iya cin kwari.
Hakanan gidan yanar gizon abinci yana rasa aiki tare
Ba wai kawai tsuntsaye ko kwari suna rasa aiki tare ba, amma suma suna ƙananan matakan sarkar abinci. A asu na ciyar da yara, ganye masu laushi na itacen oak inda gidajen tsuntsaye suke. Don rayuwa, kyanwa dole ne ya ƙyanƙyashe kamar yadda ƙwayayen suka fashe kuma itacen oak ɗin ya buɗe. Idan kwaro ya kyankyashe daga kwan fiye da kwanaki biyar kafin gwaiduwar ta fashe, za a ji yunwa. Hakanan zai faru idan wannan ya faru fiye da makonni biyu bayan haka, saboda ganyen itacen oak yana cike da tannin, abin ƙyamar yake ƙyama.
Kuma a dabi'ance komai yana bin daidaitaccen daidaitaccen lokacin ne wanda jinsin yake da damar rayuwa. Ba wai abubuwa suna aiki haka ba saboda wani ne ya 'umarta' ko aka 'umarce shi', amma a maimakon haka jinsin, da dabbobi da tsirrai, suna da wadannan hawan keke kamar haka, saboda a tsawon tarihi, juyin halitta da karbuwa sun sanya ilimin halittar ta ya samu wadannan lokutan tunda darajan nasarar ta ya fi girma.
Tare da canjin yanayi duk waɗannan hawan keke suna canzawa sosai. Yawancin jinsuna suna ganin damar rayuwarsu ta ragu ta fuskar irin waɗannan canje-canje da yanayin canjin yanayi. Inara yawan zafin jiki yana haifar da haɓakar bazara da hawan furannin fure na yawancin nau'ikan shuke-shuke waɗanda sun dogara ne da dabbobi don su yi girma. Idan muna jan wannan ta hanyar kayan abinci, zamu fahimci cewa akwai matsaloli masu yawa a cikin tsarin yanayin kasa kuma daidaitaccen yanayin muhalli baya aiki kamar yadda yakamata.