Daga cikin masana kimiyyar da suka sadaukar da kansu ga ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, daya daga cikin sanannun sanannen sanannen kyanwar shine Schrodinger. Cikakken sunansa Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger wanda masanin ilmin kimiyar Austriya ne wanda aka haifa a Vienna a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1887. An ba shi Paul Dirac, Kyautar Nobel ta Poland kan aikin kimiyyar lissafi da ake kira Schrödinger equation. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Nobel a 1933 a lokacin da ya fara aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da tarihin rayuwar da kyanwar Schrödinger.
Tarihin Schrödinger
Masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne wanda ya kasance a asalin kimiyyar lissafi kuma an san shi da kyakkyawan tunani na gwaji. Duk wannan ya samo asali ne sakamakon wasiƙa da Albert Einstein a cikin 1935. Ya karɓi digirin digirgir a ilimin ilimin lissafi ta hanyar Jami'ar Vienna a 1910. Ya kasance ɗan takara a Yaƙin Duniya na asaya a matsayin jami'in kera bindigogi a cikin 1914.
An buga labarai daban-daban a cikin Annals of Physics magazine game da matsalar da ke tattare da ƙididdigar asalin halittu. Da zarar ya ci gaba da fadada lissafin tare da asalin, sai ya zama lissafin Schrödinger. Daga baya ya bar Jamus ya tafi Ingila saboda Naziyanci da kin jinin yahudawa. A Jami'ar Oxford ne ya sami kyautar Nobel.
Daga baya, a cikin 1936, ya koma Austria don aiki a Jami'ar Graz.
Kwararrun Kimiyyar Jiki da Ci Gaban
A cikin keɓaɓɓun injiniyoyi, ba za ku iya sanin daidai ƙimar saiti ba tare da a zahiri auna shi da farko ba. Ka'idar ilimin lissafi ta bayyana yanayi ta karfin juzu'i, gudu da matsayi tare da cikakkiyar daidaito. Koyaya, aikin kalaman shine mafi kyau wanda za'a iya lissafin yiwuwar samun kwayar a wani lokaci kuma a wani lokaci. Sabili da haka, yanayin yiwuwar a cikin ƙwararrun kanikanci ya iya hango fa'idar cewa barbashi ma raƙuman ruwa ne da maki kuma ba kawai kayan aiki ba.
Daga cikin kalmomin Schrödinger mun sami wannan sakin layi da ke faɗi haka:
«An haife ni a cikin wani yanayi, ban san inda na fito ba ko kuma inda zan je ko kuma wanene ni. Wannan shine halin da nake ciki a matsayin naku, ga kowannenku. Gaskiyar cewa kowane namiji ya kasance koyaushe a cikin wannan halin kuma koyaushe baya koya mani komai. Duk abin da zamu iya lura da kanmu game da tambayoyi masu zafi game da asalinmu da ƙaddararmu, wannan shi ne muhallin. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa suke ɗokin samin duk abin da zamu iya. Wannan shine ilimin kimiyya, ilimi, ilimi shine ainihin tushen tushen ƙoƙarin mutum na ruhaniya.
Muna ƙoƙari mu gano abin da zamu iya game da yanayin yanayi da na lokacin da aka haifemu muka gano kanmu. Kuma a cikin wannan ƙoƙarin, mun sami farin ciki, mun same shi da ban sha'awa sosai ».
Kyanwar Schrödinger
Bayan duk ci gaban kimiyya da Schrödinger ya bayar akwai wanda ya shahara sosai kuma har yanzu yana nan. Labari ne game da Schrödinger's cat. Yana da shahararren mashahuri a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da nesa. Ya na daban-daban bambance-bambancen karatu. Bari mu ga abin da suke: Erwin Schrödinger ne ya gabatar da shi a cikin 1935 a cikin gwajin tunani wanda ke nuna mana yadda rashin rikitarwa adadi zai iya zama.
Abun rikitarwa ya fara ne ta hanyar tunanin kyanwa a cikin akwatin da babu rufuwa. A ciki an girka wata hanyar da ke haɗa na'urar gano lantarki da guduma. A ƙasa da guduma an sanya gilashin gilashi tare da ƙwayar guba mai guba ga cat. Idan mai ganowa ya ɗauki lantarki, zai iya kunna aikin da ke sa guduma ta faɗi ta kuma fasa kwalbar dafin.
Sannan ana yin wutan lantarki, kuma a hankalce, abubuwa da yawa na iya faruwa. Da farko, mai ganowa zai iya ɗaukar na'urar lantarki kuma ya kunna aikin don guduma ta fadi ta saki guba. Idan mai ganowa ya ɗauki lantarki, to ya isa ya kunna inji. A wannan yanayin, kyanwa ta shaya guba ta mutu. Lokacin da muka buɗe akwatin a yau za mu sami mataccen kuli.
Wata damar da zata iya faruwa ita ce, wutar lantarki ta lankwasa wata hanyar kuma mai ganowa ba ya kama ta. Ta wannan hanyar, inji ko ba'a kunna shi kuma kwalban baya fasa. Wannan shine yadda kyanwar take raye. A wannan yanayin, lokacin da kuka buɗe akwatin, wannan dabbar za ta bayyana cikin aminci da lafiya.
Ya zuwa yanzu komai daidai ne. Bayan duk wannan, gwaji ne cewa Kuna da damar 50% cewa dabbar zata ƙare da rai ko ya mutu. Koyaya, ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ya sabawa hankalinmu.
Bayani game da rikice-rikice
Wutar lantarki dukkanta kalamai ne da kuma kwayar zarra. Don fahimtar yadda yakamata mu san cewa wutan lantarki yana harbawa kamar harsashi amma kuma a lokaci guda kamar kalaman. Ya yi daidai da taguwar ruwa da ake samu yayin da muka jefa dutse a cikin kududdufi. Wato, yana iya ɗaukar hanyoyi daban-daban a lokaci guda. Ba a haɗa su ba, amma dai sun haɗu kamar yadda raƙuman ruwa zasu iya ruɓewa a cikin tafkin ruwa. Don haka yana ɗaukar hanyar mai ganowa amma a lokaci guda kuma yana ɗaukar hanyar akasin haka.
Idan an gano lantarki, kyanwar ta mutu. A lokaci guda, ba za a gano shi ba kuma yana raye. A ma'aunin atom, Mun ga cewa dukkan yiwuwar sun cika lokaci ɗaya kuma ba mu sani ba idan dabbar ta ƙare da rai ko ta mutu a lokaci daya. Duk jihohin biyu daidai suke a zahiri kuma mai yuwuwa. Koyaya, idan muka buɗe akwatin kawai muna ganin matacce ne ko raye.
Idan duka yiwuwar gaskiya ne kuma gaskiya ne, me yasa zamu ga guda ɗaya? Bayanin shine gwajin yana amfani da dokokin kimiyyar lissafi. Koyaya, kyanwa ba tsarin jimla bane. Kuma shine kimiyyar lissafin kimiyyar lissafi tayi aiki da sikeli da kawai karkashin wasu yanayi. Wato, kawai yana aiki ne don takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk wani hulɗa tare da yanayi yana sanya dokokin kimiyyar lissafi basa aiki.
Yawancin barbashi suna hulɗa da juna, sabili da haka, ba za a iya amfani da jimla a zahiri da babbar duniya kamar yadda yake faruwa da misalin wannan dabba ba. Hakanan ba zaku iya amfani da waɗannan dokokin lokacin zafi ba. Kyanwar tana da zafi kuma mu, ta buɗe akwatin don lura da sakamakon, muna hulɗa da gurɓatar gwajin. Hakikanin abin lura shine ya gurbata gwajin kuma ya bayyana gaskiyar idan aka kwatanta da sauran.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Schrödinger da fa'idodin sa.