Duniyarmu kamar yadda muka sani a yau ta sha bamban da yadda ta kasance jim kaɗan bayan an haife ta. An kiyasta Planet Earth shekaru biliyan 4.470 ne. A wancan lokacin tashin hankali ne kawai na duwatsu wanda ciki ya yi zafi har ya narke duniya gaba ɗaya. Tare da wucewar lokaci, haushi ya bushe har ya zama mai ƙarfi. A cikin ƙananan sassan yana yiwuwa a tara ruwa yayin da, sama da ɓawon ƙasa, an samar da isasshen iskar gas wanda ya haifar da yanayi. The tarihin duniya bangare ne mai ban sha'awa wanda dole ne mu sani.
Don haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da tarihin Duniya da mafi mahimmancin ta.
Asalin duniya
Duniyarmu ba komai ba ce face gungun duwatsu masu dunƙulewa waɗanda suka yi zafi a ciki da waje suna samar da iskar gas da ta samar da yanayi. Ya kamata a san cewa abun da ke cikin yanayin ya ɓullo a cikin shekaru. Ba koyaushe yake daidai da yadda muke da shi yanzu ba. Ruwa, ƙasa da iska sun fara mu'amala da ƙarfi har sai lawa daga cikin ƙasa ya fito da yawa ta hanyar fasa da yawa da suka wanzu a cikin ɓawon ƙasa. Duk wannan ya wadata ta hanyar canza kanta saboda ayyukan volcanic.
Dangane da masana kimiyya da karatun su, kimanin shekaru biliyan 13.800 da suka gabata an sami babban fashewar da aka sani da Babban Bang. Ikon da aka saki cikin sauri mai sauri, kamar saurin haske, ya tura wannan matsanancin al'amari ta kowane bangare. Da shigewar lokaci, yayin da suka ci gaba da nisa daga cibiyar kuma suka rage gudu, an tattara tarin abubuwa da yawa a cikin taurari na baya.
Ba mu san abin da ya faru a sararin samaniya da muke ciki ba shekaru biliyan 9 na farko; idan akwai wasu ranaku, wasu duniyoyi, sararin samaniya, ko babu komai. A tsakiyar tsakiyar wannan lokacin, ko wataƙila a baya, dole ne tauraron dan adam ya kafa.
Samar da Rana da duniyoyi
Kusa da gefen wannan tauraron dan adam, wanda muke kira yanzu Milky Way, kimanin shekaru biliyan 5 da suka gabata, wasu abubuwan sun tattara a cikin girgije mai tauri. Wannan lamari ya faru a wurare da yawa, amma musamman muna sha'awar wannan.
An yi imani cewa tauraron da ke kusa ya fashe kuma ya tafi supernova kimanin shekaru biliyan 4.600 da suka gabata. Girgizar girgizan da wannan fashewar ta haifar ya sa kayan da ke cikin hasken rana nebula na mu ya fara motsi. Gajimare ya fara juyawa da sauri ya fado cikin faifai. Nauyin nauyi yana tara mafi yawan taro a cikin tsakiya, kuma a kusa da shi ƙaramin talakawa suna juyawa. Matsakaici na tsakiya ya zama dunƙule, tauraro, rana.
Waɗannan ƙananan talakawan kuma suna taruwa yayin da suke kewaya rana, suna yin taurari da wasu watanni. Tsakanin su, akwai aƙalla tazara mai kyau da girman da ya dace don kiyaye ruwa cikin yanayin ruwa da riƙe babban ambulan gas. A zahiri, wannan duniyar tamu ce ta mu, ƙasa.
Tarihin duniya
Bayan matakin farko wanda ƙasa ta zama wani abu mai zafi, yadudduka na waje sun fara ƙaruwa, amma zafin daga ciki ya sake narkewa. Daga ƙarshe, zafin jiki ya ragu sosai don samar da ɓawon burodi.
Da farko, duniya ba ta da wani yanayi, shi ya sa meteorites suka buge ta. Ayyukan volcanic na tashin hankali kuma ana fitar da adadi mai yawa na zafi. Yayin da ɓawon burodi ke taɓarɓarewa da ƙarfafawa, kaurin ɓawon burodi a hankali yana ƙaruwa.
Wannan aikin dutsen mai fitad da wuta yana samar da iskar gas mai yawa, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama wani ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa. Haɗinsa ya sha bamban da na yanzu, amma shine farkon kariya mai kariya wanda ke ba da damar ruwa mai ruwa ya bayyana. Wasu mawallafa suna nufin "Atmosphere I" a matsayin Farkon yanayin duniya ya ƙunshi hydrogen da helium, wanda ya ƙunshi wasu methane, ammoniya, iskar gas mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, da ƙarancin oxygen ko babu.
A cikin dutsen mai aman wuta, iskar oxygen da hydrogen suna samar da tururin ruwa, wanda ke daidaitawa a cikin ruwan sama na farko lokacin da ya hau cikin sararin samaniya. A tsawon lokaci, yayin da ɓawon ƙasa ke hucewa, ruwan da ke cikin hazo zai iya kasancewa ruwa a cikin zurfin ɓawon ƙasa, ya zama teku, hydrosphere.
Daga nan, ilmin burbushin halittu yana hulɗa da nazarin tarihin ƙasa, kuma ilmin burbushin halittu ya ƙware wajen nazarin tarihin rayuwar ƙasa.
Tarihin kasa na Duniya
A cikin bincike don tantancewa da fahimtar tarihin yanayin ƙasa, ana samun bayanai da alamu daga manyan duwatsu huɗu. Kowane nau'in dutsen ana samun sa ta nau'ikan ayyuka daban -daban a cikin ɓawon ƙasa:
- Rushewa da zirga -zirgar ababen hawa suna ba da damar adana bayanan da ke gaba kuma suna samar da ci gaba da yadudduka na dutsen ƙasa compaction da lithification.
- Ana fitar da Lava daga cikin zurfin magma kuma yana sanyaya a saman murfin ƙasa don ƙirƙirar dutsen mai aman wuta.
- Tsarin yanayin ƙasa wanda aka kafa a cikin duwatsun da ke akwai, waɗanda suka sha wahala nakasa iri -iri.
- Ayyukan plutonic ko sihiri waɗanda ake samarwa a cikin ƙasa da suna da tasiri a kasashen waje.
Rarraba sikelin lokacin ilimin ƙasa a cikin tarihin duniya ya samo asali ne akan canje -canje a cikin burbushin burbushin halittu da sauran kayan da ake samu a cikin ɗimbin ci gaba. Duk da haka, shekaru 447 zuwa miliyan 540 na farkon ɓawon ƙasa an rubuta su a cikin duwatsu waɗanda kusan babu burbushinsu, wato, Burbushin da ya dace kawai ya wanzu daga shekaru miliyan 540 da suka gabata.
A saboda wannan dalili, masana kimiyya sun raba babban tarihin tarihin ƙasa zuwa manyan lokuta guda biyu: Precambrian, wanda ya haɗa da Subzoic, Paleophonic, da Proterozoic, da Phanerozoic, wanda shine shekarun burbushin wancan lokacin kuma ya kai ga ainihin.
Gano aikin rediyo ya ba da damar masana kimiyyar yanayin ƙasa da karni na XNUMX da masana ilimin burbushin halittu su ƙirƙiro sabbin hanyoyin Dating waɗanda za su iya ba da cikakkiyar shekaru (a cikin miliyoyin shekaru) zuwa sikelin lokaci.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da tarihin Duniya da halayen ta.