A yau mun zo da wani labarin rayuwar ɗayan mahimman masana kimiyya waɗanda suka taimaki kimiyya ya zama yadda yake a yau. Muna magana game da John dalton. Shi masanin ilimin kimiyar-kemikal ne kuma masanin yanayin yanayi wanda ya kirkiro tsarin zamani na ka'idar atoms. Wannan mutumin bai sami koyarwa da yawa ba ko ilimi, amma sha'awar sanin komai ya sa horarwar sa ta inganta sosai.
A cikin wannan sakon zaku iya koyo game da duk ayyukan John Dalton da labarinsa daga farko har ƙarshe. Shin kuna son ƙarin sani game da shi? Ci gaba da karatu.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ayyukansa na farko na kimiyya sun magance gas da kuma cutar gani ta gani, wacce ake kira makantar launi domin girmama sunanta. Cutar ce ta sa ba ku gane wasu launuka a cikin abin da ake gani ba.
Da zarar an san shi a matsayin masanin kimiyya, ya gina cikakken matsayi a makarantar kimiyya. Bayan bincike mai yawa, ya gano abin da muka sani a matsayin Dokar Yawan Yawa. Doka ce wacce ke bayanin nauyin abubuwan da ke cikin tasirin sinadaran. Daga nan ne ya sami damar kafa ka'ida game da tsarin mulkin kwayoyin halitta kuma aka kira shi Tsarin kwayar zarra na Dalton. Wannan samfurin kimiyya ya kasance yana aiki a cikin ƙarni na sha tara kuma saboda godiyarsa, an sami ci gaba mai yawa a duniyar ilimin sunadarai.
Duk waɗannan binciken da aka yi sun sa shi ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin iyayen kimiyyar ilmin sunadarai.
Malami kuma mai bincike a lokaci guda
John Dalton yana da waɗannan ayyukan biyu a lokaci guda. Dukansu sun ba shi sanannen sanannen hali da yanayin tattalin arziki mafi girma don ya iya sadaukar da kansa cikakke ga ayyukansa. A cikin 1802 ya kafa dokar matsin lamba (wanda aka sani da dokar Dalton) a cikin littafin tarihin da aka yiwa take Shan iskar gas ta ruwa da sauran ruwa. Wannan ka'idar ta tabbatar da cewa matsin lamba wanda hadadden gas yake dashi daidai yake da yawan matsi na kowane bangare.
Baya ga wannan, Dalton ya kulla kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin thearfin iskar gas da zafin jiki. Da wannan aka sani cewa, yayin da yawan zafin jiki na gas yake ƙaruwa, haka ma matsin lambar da yake samarwa a cikin rufaffiyar sarari. Ta wannan hanyar da waɗannan ƙa'idodin, kayan kicin da muka sani a yau kamar yadda mai dafa matsin lamba yake aiki.
Sha'awarsa game da iskar gas ta samo asali ne saboda wata babbar sha'awa da yake da ita a nazarin ilimin yanayi. Koyaushe yana ɗauke da kayan aiki tare da shi don ya sami damar auna masu canjin yanayi. Yana son sanin yanayin kuma zai rubuta duk abubuwan da ya gani a cikin mujallar sa. Godiya ga wannan sha'awar, John Dalton ya kawo ci gaba da yawa ga kimiyya.
Dokar tazara mai yawa
Tun a shekarar 1803 ya fara kirkirar abin da zai zama babbar gudunmawarsa ga kimiyya. Ya zuwa yanzu ba wai cewa ya yi ƙasa ba, amma wannan shine abin da zai sa ya ci gaba sosai. Duk abin yana komawa ne ga ɗayan kwanakinsa lokacin da yake cikin dakin bincikensa yana nazarin tasirin da nitric oxide ke dashi tare da oxygen. A wannan lokacin ne ya gano cewa abin da ake yi na iya zama ya bambanta. Wasu lokuta yana iya zama 1: 1,7, wasu lokuta 1: 3,4. Wannan bambance-bambancen a cikin yanayin ba wani abu bane wanda zai iya fahimta da kyau, amma godiya gareshi ya sami damar ganin alaƙar da ke tsakanin dukkan bayanan kuma ya kafa abin da Dokar ofaramar Dama ta kasance.
Wannan dokar ta ce a cikin aikin sunadarai, nauyin abubuwa biyu koyaushe suna haɗuwa da juna a cikin adadi masu yawa. Godiya ga wannan fassarar, ya sami damar fara fahimtar ka'idodin farko na ka'idar atom.
Sakamakon wannan binciken yana da kyau sosai kuma ana magana dashi ta baki a wannan shekarar. Bayan shekaru da rubuce-rubuce, a shekarar 1808 an buga fitaccen aikinsa a cikin wani littafi. Sunan littafin Sabon tsarin falsafar sinadarai. A cikin wannan littafin zaku iya tattara dukkanin mahimman ra'ayoyin atoms da kuma yadda ake gabatar da ka'idojin kwayar halitta wacce muka sani a yau a matsayin Dokar Dalton. Don ƙarin fassarar, ya zana wasu ƙwayoyin mutum don, ta hanyar zane, mutane zasu iya fahimtar yadda tasirin sunadarai yayi aiki.
Baya ga wannan duka, ya sami damar buga jigon farko na nauyin atom da alamu waɗanda a yau suna cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci. Ba abin mamaki bane, ba duk masana kimiyya suka yarda da ka'idar Dalton ba.
Karshen aikinsa
A shekarar 1810 aka buga sashi na biyu na littafin. A wannan bangare ya samar da sabbin hujjoji game da karatun nasa. Ta wannan hanyar ne ya sami damar nuna cewa ka'idarsa ta yi daidai. Shekaru daga baya, a cikin 1827, Kashi na uku na ka’idarsa ya bayyana. Dalton ya yarda da kansa a matsayin malami ba matsayin mai bincike ba. Kodayake memba ne na Royal Society daga 1822 kuma ya sami lambar yabo daga wannan ƙungiyar ta kimiyya a 1825, koyaushe yana cewa ya yi rayuwa ne ta hanyar ba da azuzuwan karatu da laccoci.
Ganin duk abubuwan da ya yi amfani da su a duk rayuwarsa, a cikin 1833 an ba shi kyautar fensho na shekara-shekara. Shekarun karshe na rayuwarsa sun yi ritaya kuma a ranar 27 ga Yulin, 1844 ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya. A fatawar Dalton, an gudanar da bincike don gano dalilin cutar rashin gani. Shekaru daga baya an gane shi a matsayin makauniyar launi.
An san cewa cutar ba matsala ce a cikin ido ba, amma matsala ce da ta haifar da wasu ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfin azanci. Godiya ga dukkan abubuwanda yake bayarwa da kuma babbar gudummawarsa ga kimiyya, an binne shi tare da girmama masarauta a ciki wani babban jana'iza wanda ya samu halartar mutane sama da 400.000.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, John Dalton ya kasance ƙarin masanin kimiyya wanda ya sami damar ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa a duniyar kimiyya sakamakon sha'awar da juriya na binciken sa. Abin da wannan ya sa muke koyo game da mahimmancin sadaukar da kanmu ga abin da muke so da gaske kuma rayuwarmu ta ta'allaka ne da shi.